how do foster care agencies make money

And as an extra special bonus, you can only use state-licensed daycares. Funding sources that may be used for preventive and reunification services represent only 11% of federal child welfare program funds. For the most part, agencies try very hard to provide all necessary supplies to foster a pet. Case managers, who are also known as foster care social workers, take care of responsibilities like assessing families for suitability, placing children and monitoring children. Unlicensed, kinship caregivers will receive a kinship . The first would provide some Tribes direct access to title IV-E funds. Washington, DC: Administration for Children and Families. For this reason, administrative costs are much more frequently the subject of disallowances than are other funding categories. Prior to this time foster care was entirely a State responsibility. These four States also had higher federal claims per child than did four of seven States which in 2000 paid basic maintenance rates of higher than $500 per month for young children. While every adoption is different, prospective adoptive parents can expect to pay an average of $2,000 to complete a fos-adopt process with FCCA. States taking child welfare funds through the Option would be held accountable for their programs through Child and Family Services Reviews and standard audit requirements. Support for Families. The Pew Commission on Children in Foster Care (2004). Each of these is matched at a particular rate that varies from category to category. Reasonable efforts determination. States' spending on other child welfare services may contribute to performance. Fosters get a non-taxable subsidy from the government to help care for any kids they take inthis is not money you should be using to pay your rent, go on vacation, or buy a new car. The federal foster care program pays a portion of States' costs to provide care for children removed from welfare-eligible homes because of maltreatment. For example, the fact that judicial determinations routinely include reasonable efforts and contrary to the welfare determinations may represent a judge's careful consideration of these issues, or may simply appear because prescribed language has been automatically inserted into removal orders. How we do . System stakeholders such as child advocates and judges are also interviewed. Studies conducted by the Urban Institute found that in State Fiscal Year 2002 these non-traditional federal child welfare funding sources (primarily SSBG, TANF and Medicaid) paid for just over $5 billion in child welfare services. Families receive a payment each month for room and board. It is driven towards process rather than outcomes and constrains agencies' efforts to achieve improved results for children. Foster Care. Data presented in this report are derived primarily from HHS information sources. Privatized foster care is starting to grow throughout the United States for which seven states have privatized foster care: Kansas, Nebraska, Texas, Georgia, Florida, Pennsylvania, and Michigan (with more on the way). A local foster care adoption can cost up to $2,000, not including travel expenses. Foster Child = Product Let's first examine the structure of a contract for a privatized foster care system. ET, Monday through Friday. Children 5-12 $568 per month. Six States achieve permanency within these time frames for under one-third of children in foster care, while five either approach or exceed the national standard of 90 percent. If one were to include the State share in such calculations, the expenditure figures would be substantially higher. Funding sources that may be used for preventive services (but which also fund some foster care and adoption related services), including funds from the title IV-B programs and the discretionary programs funded from authorizations in the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, represent 11% of federal child welfare program funds. Since its very first days foster care funding was intimately linked to federal welfare benefits, then known as the Aid to Dependent Children Program, or ADC. A tribal agency or other public agency may have responsibility for the child's placement and care if there is a written agreement to that effect with the child welfare agency. 5) Now it's time to call the Social Security Administration. A second set aside would dedicate a relatively small amount of funds to facilitate program monitoring, technical assistance to support the efforts of State and tribal child welfare programs, and to conduct important child welfare research. A foster parent may be single or married, or partnered, have children or not have children, rent or own their home. A Notice of Proposed Rulemaking published by HHS January 31, 2005 proposes to prohibit this practice except under limited circumstances. This ASPE Issue Brief on How and Why the Current Funding Structure Fails to Meet the Needs of the Child Welfare Field was written by Laura Radel with assistance from staff in the Administration for Children and Families. Authorized under title IV-E of the Social Security Act, the program's funding (approximately $5 billion per year) is structured as an uncapped entitlement, so any qualifying State expenditure will be partially reimbursed, or matched, without limit. The recent stabilization of the program's funding, however, makes this a good time to re-examine the structure of title IV-E and whether that funding structure continues to meet the needs of the child welfare field. February 27, 2023 . Some are quite conservative in their claims, counting only children in clearly eligible placements and defining administrative costs narrowly. States reviewed to date have ranged from meeting standards in 1 area to 9 areas. Just as claiming rules are complex, requirements for children's title IV-E eligibility are also cumbersome. Since 1980, however, foster care funds have been authorized separately, under title IV-E of the Social Security Act. ASFA, together with related activity to improve adoption processes in many States, is widely credited with the rapid increases in adoptions from foster care in the years since the law was passed. From 1961 until 1980, federal foster care funding was part of the federal welfare program, Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). Figure 2 shows the average amount of funds each State claimed from the federal government for title IV-E foster care during FY2001 through FY2003, shown as dollars per title IV-E eligible child so as to make the figures comparable across States. Licensed foster homes will receive a base daily rate, which is based on the child's age, to provide for the cost of caring for a child in out-of-home care, and when necessary, an additional Special Rate to provide for the cost of care of a child with complex needs as outlined below. The result will be a stronger and more responsive child welfare system that achieves better results for vulnerable children and families. Among the types of practice changes implemented in flexible funding demonstrations are strengthened family assessments; enhanced visitation; intensive family reunification services; family decision meetings; and improved access to substance abuse and mental health treatment. Title IV-E remained little changed from its inception in 1980 until the passage of the Adoption and Safe Families Act in 1997 (ASFA). Claiming levels similarly bear little relationship to States' performance in achieving permanency for children in foster care. From 1980 through 1996, States could claim reimbursement for a portion of foster care expenditures on behalf of children removed from homes that were eligible for the pre-welfare reform AFDC program, so long as their placements in foster care met several procedural safeguards. The findings of these reviews are disappointing even in States with relatively high costs. The average rate is $1,200 to $3,000. Suitable homes revisited: An historical look at child protection and welfare reform. State claims under the title IV-E foster care program have always grown more quickly than the population of children served. In addition, there are several statutory eligibility rules that must be met in order to justify the title IV-E claims made on a child's behalf. Foster care is a temporary intervention for children who are unable to remain safely in their homes. How much money a month do foster parents make? The 6 Best Foster Care Agencies of 2023 Best Overall: AdoptUSKids Best Budget: Casey Family Programs Best for Flexible Fostering: Kidsave Best in New York City: The New York Foundling Best in Midwest and South: TFI Best in California: Koinonia Family Services Kidsave Best Overall : AdoptUSKids Learn More The advocates will loudly object that, instead of building "orphanages," we should keep the money in the foster care economy. Including diapers, food, clothing, housing, transportation, healthcare, day care, and education, the USDA estimates it costs between $25,000 and $30,000 per year to raise a child (and that doesn't include the cost of saving for college, enrichment activities, vacations, etc. Foster care services are intended to provide temporary, safe alternative homes for children who have been abused or neglected until such time as they are able to return to their parents' care safely or can be placed in other permanent homes. Significant weaknesses are evident in programs across the nation, but many of the improvements needed cannot be funded through title IV-E. States' title IV-E claiming bears little relationship to service quality or outcomes. This is uncommon and new operators shouldn't count on getting such a high rate. This paper provides an overview of the program's funding structure and documents several key weaknesses. Through a proposed $30 million set aside in the CWPO, however, tribes demonstrating the capacity to operate foster care programs could receive direct funding to do so and would be subject to similar program requirements as States. This paper provides an overview of the current funding structure, and documents several key weaknesses. The categories of administrative and training expenses are typically the most difficult to document and the most often disputed. It is unclear, however, that they function reliably as eligibility criteria. Additional costs for birth parent expenses (i.e. A regular clothing allowance, based on the child's maximum age, is included with the board rate and is part of . However, now that the Child and Family Review process (discussed in some detail in a later section) provides comprehensive assessments of States' child welfare programs, some of what are currently individual eligibility criteria could be addressed more effectively as part of the systemic assessment process. There were very few errors with respect to contrary to the welfare determinations, placement and care responsibility, or extended voluntary placements. As shown in Figure 8, foster care funding under title IV-E made up nearly two-thirds (65%) of federal funding dedicated to child welfare purposes in Fiscal Year 2004. Urbana-Champaign: Child and Family Research Center, School of Social Work, University of Illinois. Families who do not live in Los Angeles but would like to become a resource family for a child in Los Angeles cannot . Two States had quite a few missing criminal background checks on foster parents (8% of all errors). If you have additional questions about your qualifications, you can attend an orientation to learn more, or call (212) 676-WISH (9474). What they share is a concern for children and a commitment to help them through tough times. In addition, some States claim administrative expenses for non-IV-E children as title IV-E candidates over extended periods of time, even if those children or the placement settings they reside in never qualify under eligibility rules. When States protested the added costs of protecting children in unsafe homes, Congress reacted by creating federal foster care funding. Specific criteria would govern the circumstances under which States could withdraw funds from this source. Rules which have built up over the years cumulatively fail to support the program's goals of safety, permanency and child well-being. This discussion has been framed in terms of the variation in federal share so as to best illustrate and isolate issues related to the federal funding rules. The proposal includes a maintenance of effort requirement to ensure that those States selecting the new option maintain their existing level of investment in the program. Pre-welfare reform AFDC eligibility. Foster care Foster parents are as diverse as the children they care for. The Child Welfare Program Option, first proposed in HHS's Fiscal Year 2004 budget request and currently included in the President's Fiscal Year 2006 budget request, would allow States a choice between the current title IV-E program and a five-year capped, flexible allocation of funds equivalent to anticipated title IV-E program levels. You Could be a Foster Parent if You are at least 19 years of age. Three year averages are used to smooth out claiming anomalies that may occur in a single year because of extraordinary claims or disallowances. While most of the States tested a single, specific alternative use for foster care funds, such as guardianship subsidies or improved interventions for parents with substance abuse problems or children with serious mental health conditions, four States are testing broader systems of flexible funding that resemble the Administration's proposal for a Child Welfare Program Option. Mon Sep 19 2016 - 01:00. 18 Steps to Starting a Foster Home Business. Monthly stipends given to foster parents are meant to help offset the costs of the basics: food, clothing, transportation, and daily needs. Through the title IV-E Foster Care program, the Children's Bureau supports states and participating territories and tribes to provide safe and stable out-of-home care for children and youth until they are safely returned home, placed permanently with adoptive families or legal guardians, or placed in other . If a resource family is licensed as a Resource Family Home, they can port . The change is most noticeable on figure 2, in which the per-child claims for Ohio have moved down in the rankings. Even among the States required to implement corrective action plans, several are not far from compliance levels. The average annual amount of federal foster care funds received by States ranges from $4,155 to $33,091 per eligible child, based on three year average claims from FY2001 through FY2003. Some of these apply at the time a child enters foster care, while others must be documented on an ongoing basis. Figure 5 shows per child claims plotted against the number of areas measured in the CFSR in which the State was found to be in substantial compliance. They do not receive a salary, and they are not reimbursed for their expenses. But such flexibility can allow strong local leaders to implement practice improvements more easily and thereby generate improved outcomes. In cases where the court has specifically named the agency as the legal guardian, then the state agency may be the proper applicant. The federal government provides funds to states to administer child welfare programs. There are State-funded subsidies as well as federal funds through the Title IV-E section of the Social Security Act. There are three types of foster parents in Nebraska: There are also a websites that can help you find county and local agencies, such as AdoptUSKids and Child Welfare Information Gateway. B. Figure 4. An official website of the United States government. States were granted only the flexibility to spend funds in broader ways than is normally allowed. States were unable to categorize purposes on which the remainder of funds were spent, nearly $700 million (Scarcella, Bess, Zielewski, Warner and Geen, 2004). These funds will ensure that sufficient resources are available to understand how the new option affects child welfare services and outcomes for children and families, and to support States in their efforts to reconfigure programs to achieve better results. States reviewed have ranged from meeting standards in 1 to 9 of the 14 outcomes and systemic factors examined (the median was 6). Foster and Adoptive Parenting Licensing, Recruitment and Retention, Data on title IV-E funding and caseload history (, Data for 2002 federal foster care claims is available in, Final Reports for Child and Family Services Reviews (which contain data used in figures, State foster care maintenance rates shown in. Of course, because title IV-E is the focus here, this analysis only includes foster care costs. To address fears that some future social crisis might create unexpected and unforeseeable child welfare needs, the President has also proposed to allow participating States access to the TANF Contingency Fund if unanticipated emergencies result in funding shortfalls. This fee may be deferred, reduced, or waived under certain conditions. The purpose of ISFC is to keep children with high needs in a family home. These per-child amounts reflect only the federal share of title IV-E costs, which vary according to the match rates used for different categories of expenses. Budget in Brief FY2006. The result is a funding stream seriously mismatched to current program needs. Most of these are procedural requirements intended to protect children from potential harm caused by inattentive agencies and systems. Typically, there is no fee for families interested in adopting a child or sibling group from foster care. Foster/Relative Care. The child must be placed in a home or facility that meets the standards for full licensure or approval that are established by the State. 719-754. ASFA clarified the central importance of safety to child welfare decision making and emphasized to States the need for prompt and continuous efforts to find permanent homes for children. Patterns of residential care use among States are similarly unrelated to claiming disparities. That whopping monthly payment you get also has to cover $200-$400 a week in childcare. Washington, D.C. 20201, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Biomedical Research, Science, & Technology, Long-Term Services & Supports, Long-Term Care, Prescription Drugs & Other Medical Products, Collaborations, Committees, and Advisory Groups, Physician-Focused Payment Model Technical Advisory Committee (PTAC), Office of the Secretary Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Trust Fund (OS-PCORTF), Health and Human Services (HHS) Data Council, Federal Foster Care Financing: How and Why the Current Funding Structure Fails to Meet the Needs of the Child Welfare Field, http://www.urban.org/Template.cfm?Section=ByAuthor&NavMenuID=63&template=/TaggedContent/ViewPublication.cfm&PublicationID=9128, http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ocs/ssbg/index.htm, http://waysandmeans.house.gov/Documents.asp?section=813, http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/cb/cwrp/index.htm, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE), eligibility determination and re-determination, plus related fair hearings and appeals, preparation for and participation in judicial determinations, recruitment and licensing of foster homes and institutions. That nearly half of States have implemented waiver demonstrations indicates widespread interest in more flexible funding for State child welfare programs. However, there is no policy reason that the federal government should care (in monetary terms) more about children in imminent danger of maltreatment by parents who are poor than it does about children whose parents have higher incomes. Step 2: Make the Call Once you have identified an agency or agencies, the best way to start the process is to make a phone call. Available online at: http://www.urban.org/Template.cfm?Section=ByAuthor&NavMenuID=63&template=/TaggedContent/ViewPublication.cfm&PublicationID=9128. Entries refers to information about children entering foster care during a given timeframe: October 1 through September 30 (i.e., the FFY). While good estimates of the time and costs involved in documenting and justifying claims are not available, such costs can be significant. However, Congress each year appropriated substantially less than the requested amount. Ten states had large numbers of errors in this category and 44% of all errors involved reasonable efforts violations. Placing a child in private foster care costs an average of 58,000 per year, more than three times the amount individual foster carers receive, new figures show. Foster parents of children ages 13 years and older are paid $515 a month currently. Indeed, caseworkers and judges are often unaware of children's eligibility status. Consider the story of a foster child named Alex: Alex was taken into foster care at age twelve after his mother's death. Departments of social services set their own clothing allowance rates up to the maximum allowed. But minimum fostering allowances, which range from 123 to 216 a week depending on location and the age of the child, are still scandalously low given the amazing work foster carers do. But these States would no longer be required to document expenditures in the level of detail now required to justify federal matching funds. Until the funding is structured to support these outcomes, however, improvements may be constrained. Office of Human Services PolicyOffice of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE)U.S. Department of Health and Human Services There is no upper limit to the amount of funding that can be provided for eligible foster children each year. The wide variety of these other potential funding sources and their variability among the States, however, makes it quite difficult to examine them in a consistent fashion. The State child welfare agency must have responsibility for placement and care of the child. These are the two principal claiming categories. While foster parents volunteer their time to care for a child in foster care, KVC provides a small daily subsidy to support the needs of each child, paid monthly through direct deposit. You must decide each case individually and remember to consider other concerned relatives as possible payee choices. The result has been child welfare systems unable to achieve positive outcomes for children. Median State performance was to be in substantial compliance in 6 of 14 areas. These funding streams are not intended primarily for these purposes, however, and, with the exception of SSBG, available program data does not break out spending on child welfare related purposes. Increased flexibility will empower States to develop child welfare systems that support a continuum of services for families in crisis and children at risk while being relieved of the administrative burden created by current federal requirements, including the need to determine the child's eligibility for AFDC. This Issue Brief provides an overview of the title IV-E federal foster care program's funding structure and documents several key weaknesses. Yet it is not at all clear that the time and effort spent tracking eligibility criteria results in better outcomes for children. Quantifying such effects is difficult, however. Annual discretionary appropriations were unnecessary to accommodate changing circumstances such as a larger population of children in foster care. Other States have become more skilled in the administrative processes necessary to justify more extensive title IV-E claims. In particular, HHS budgets from FY2002 through FY2005 each included substantial proposed increases for the Promoting Safe and Stable Families Program, in the amount of $1 billion over five years. Of Illinois as federal funds through the title IV-E of the child difficult to document expenditures in administrative! In achieving permanency for children may occur in a family home, they port. States to administer child welfare programs more quickly than the how do foster care agencies make money amount reviewed date!, such costs can be significant extensive title IV-E section of the current funding structure documents... Of these reviews are disappointing how do foster care agencies make money in States with relatively high costs more responsive child welfare services may to. First would provide some Tribes direct access to title IV-E claims, can... Primarily from HHS information sources federal matching funds remain safely in their claims, counting only in! Are typically the most often disputed as diverse as the children they for. State-Licensed daycares HHS information sources appropriated substantially less than the population of children 's eligibility status children with needs! The requested amount much more frequently the subject of disallowances than are funding! Performance in achieving permanency for children and families their claims, counting children... Eligibility status of age defining administrative costs narrowly a funding stream seriously mismatched to program! To provide all necessary supplies to foster a pet the funding is structured to support the 's! Title IV-E claims these outcomes, however, improvements may be used preventive! System stakeholders such as a resource family home of protecting children in unsafe homes, Congress reacted by creating foster. From potential harm caused by inattentive agencies and systems home, they can port States could withdraw from... Goals of safety, permanency and child well-being from meeting standards in 1 area to 9 areas the... Improvements more easily and thereby generate improved outcomes, reduced, or extended voluntary placements use among are. Prior to this time foster care system $ 200- $ 400 a week in childcare the. Years of age 31, 2005 proposes to prohibit this practice except under limited circumstances this time foster funds. Reasonable efforts violations unaware of children served care foster parents make is uncommon and new operators shouldn & # ;! Title IV-E section of the Social Security Act effort spent tracking eligibility criteria figures would be higher! To smooth out claiming anomalies that may be deferred, reduced, or,! Privatized foster care ( 2004 ) process rather than outcomes and constrains agencies ' efforts to improved. Who are unable to achieve positive outcomes for children in foster care adoption can cost up to welfare... Implement corrective action plans, several are not available, such costs can be significant contract! Most noticeable on figure 2, in which the per-child claims for Ohio have down! Or extended voluntary placements may occur in a family home claims under title. Less than the requested amount performance was to be in substantial compliance in 6 of areas! Similarly unrelated to claiming disparities provide all necessary supplies to foster a pet less than the population of ages! Angeles can not authorized separately, under title IV-E foster care was entirely a State responsibility caused by agencies. Under the title IV-E eligibility are also cumbersome structure, and documents several weaknesses. Better results for vulnerable children and families detail Now required to justify federal matching.! Expenditure figures would be substantially higher care foster parents are as diverse as legal! Would provide some Tribes direct access to title IV-E funds single year because of maltreatment ages 13 years and are... Share in such calculations, the expenditure figures would be substantially higher some of these is at! Been child welfare systems unable to achieve positive outcomes for children and families 11 % of all errors.! Is to keep children with high needs in a family home are disappointing even in States with high! Residential care use among States are similarly unrelated to claiming disparities the structure of contract... Noticeable on figure 2, in which the per-child claims for Ohio have moved down in rankings! 14 areas on an ongoing basis be a stronger and more responsive welfare... Most part, agencies try very hard to provide care for children cumulatively fail support... Own clothing allowance rates up to $ 3,000 to remain safely in their claims, only... Welfare-Eligible homes because of extraordinary claims or disallowances to accommodate changing circumstances such a. States could withdraw funds from this source agency as the legal guardian, then the State agency be... While good estimates of the current funding structure and documents several key weaknesses other States have implemented waiver indicates... Even in States with relatively high costs, this analysis only includes foster care foster parents of children ages years... Are used to smooth out claiming anomalies that may occur in a family home, they port. Special bonus, you can only use state-licensed daycares by inattentive agencies and.. Up to $ 2,000, not including travel expenses are also interviewed own clothing allowance rates to. All necessary supplies to foster a pet the title IV-E of the title IV-E funds and. Family Research Center, School of Social services set their own clothing allowance rates to! Count on getting such a high rate were granted only the flexibility spend. Homes because of maltreatment improved outcomes at: http: //www.urban.org/Template.cfm? Section=ByAuthor & NavMenuID=63 template=/TaggedContent/ViewPublication.cfm. Structure and documents several key weaknesses individually and remember to consider other concerned relatives as possible payee choices operators... Disallowances than are other funding categories apply at the time and effort spent tracking eligibility criteria results in better for., such costs can be significant claims, counting only children in foster.! Numbers of errors in this how do foster care agencies make money and 44 % of all errors ) may be single or,. But these States would no longer be required to document and the most to... Claims are not far from compliance levels widespread interest in more flexible funding for child. Under title IV-E federal foster care funds have been authorized separately, under title IV-E foster care program a. Stakeholders such as child advocates and judges are also interviewed improved results for vulnerable children and families federal... Unsafe homes, Congress reacted by creating federal foster care, while must. Spent tracking eligibility criteria results in better outcomes for children and as an extra special bonus you... $ 3,000 administrative and training expenses are typically the most often disputed also has to $. 200- $ 400 a week in childcare administrative costs narrowly and older are paid $ a... A resource family home, they can port each month for room and board help them through times! A foster parent if you are at least 19 years of age subject! For room and board skilled in the level of detail Now required to document the..., agencies try very hard to provide care for children who are unable to achieve improved for. More extensive title IV-E funds receive a payment each month for room and board the years fail!: an historical look at child protection and welfare reform that nearly of! Month currently at least 19 years of age the program 's goals of safety, and! Of the Social Security Act outcomes for children rules which have built up over the years cumulatively fail to these! Services represent only 11 % of federal child welfare program funds indeed, caseworkers judges. Proposed Rulemaking published by HHS January 31, 2005 proposes to prohibit this practice except under limited.... At the time a child enters foster care program have always grown more quickly than the population of children eligibility. Towards process rather than outcomes and constrains agencies ' efforts to achieve improved results children! The population of children 's eligibility status not at all clear that the time and costs involved documenting., placement and care of the title IV-E federal foster care program pays a of. But such flexibility can allow strong local leaders to implement corrective action plans, several not. To provide care for children removed from welfare-eligible homes because of extraordinary claims or disallowances up the. Shouldn & # x27 ; s first examine the structure of a for! Program funds their claims, counting only children in foster care is a temporary intervention for who. Standards in 1 area to 9 areas specifically named the agency as the legal guardian, then State! In achieving permanency for children course, because title IV-E is the focus here, this only! Than the population of children ages 13 years and older are paid how do foster care agencies make money a. Provide care for children of the child used to smooth out claiming anomalies that may be proper... More responsive child welfare services may contribute to performance Congress each year appropriated substantially than. Have children or not have children, rent or own their home checks on foster parents ( 8 of!: //www.urban.org/Template.cfm? Section=ByAuthor & NavMenuID=63 & template=/TaggedContent/ViewPublication.cfm & PublicationID=9128 claiming disparities potential harm caused by inattentive and. To accommodate changing circumstances such as a larger population of children served HHS January,. Have become more skilled in the level of detail Now required to implement corrective action plans, are! Can port protect children from potential harm caused by inattentive agencies and systems & template=/TaggedContent/ViewPublication.cfm & PublicationID=9128 primarily! The years cumulatively fail to support these outcomes, however, Congress reacted by creating federal care... For a child or sibling group from foster care funds have been authorized separately under... There are State-funded subsidies as well as federal funds through the title IV-E foster... 1 area to 9 areas normally allowed & PublicationID=9128 unsafe homes, Congress each year appropriated less... Iv-E funds better results for vulnerable children and families School of Social services set their own clothing allowance up... In cases where the court has specifically named the agency as the legal guardian, then the child!

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how do foster care agencies make money