Stanford psychologist Jennifer Eberhardt, who studies race and the law, has been named one of the 2014 fellows of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. https://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/62727435-biased-uncovering-the-hidden-prejudice-that-shapes-what-we-see-think#: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/03/meet-psychologist-exploring-unconscious-bias-and-its-tragic-consequences-societ, https://www.npr.org/2019/03/28/705113639/can-we-overcome-racial-bias-biased-author-says-to-start-by-acknowledging-it, https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/9/3/20842654/jennifer-eberhardt-biased-social-media-nextdoor-racial-profiling-kara-swisher-recode-decode-podcast, https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2020/racial-discrimination-in-face-recognition-technology/, https://stanfordmag.org/contents/a-hard-look-at-how-we-see-race, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/26/books/review/jennifer-l-eberhardt-biased.html, https://www.twincities.com/2019/03/25/jennifer-eberhardt-bias-in-the-justice-system-is-real-and-the-death-penalty-reveals-it/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Eberhardt#Early_life, https://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/champions-of-psychology-jennifer-eberhardt, https://www.beyondblackwhite.com/ralph-richard-banks-said-book-true-regarding-swirling-might-help-black-women-marry-black-men/, https://www.theripening.com/2019/11/notes-quotes-biased--jennifer-eberhardt.html, https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/557462/biased-by-jennifer-l-eberhardt-phd/. (1987) from the University of Cincinnati, an A.M. (1990) and Ph.D. (1993) from Harvard University. She moves across and within disciplines, working directly in the trenches and drawing data from courtrooms, boardrooms, and police departments to complement her state-of-the-art laboratory research.1 Eberhardts ability to translate complex behavioral scientist phenomena into actionable change makes her an important activist who believes proper knowledge and training can help society overcome unconscious bias. The officer who arrested Floyd, a 46-year-old. I could not understand what it meant, she said. Although they found no explicit bias, they found that when speaking to white drivers, officers were reassuring, used positive words, and expressed concern for safety. She's the co-founder and co-director of SPARQ, which is a Stanford center that brings together researchers and practitioners to . She has found that people of all races who attended racially diverse schools are more likely to have friends of other races, choose to live and raise their children in integrated neighborhoods, and have higher levels of civil engagement than those who did not.2, She knows that integration is not always easy - but living with diversity means getting comfortable with people who might not always think like you, people who dont have the same experience or perspectives. [11][10], From July 1993 to July 1994, Eberhardt was a postdoctoral research associate in the Social and Personality Psychology Division at the University of Massachusetts. How does this occur on a personal level versus on an institutional level? Eberhardt's research suggests that these racialized judgments may have roots deeper than contemporary rates of crime or incarceration. [32], In 2016, Okonofua, Walton, and Eberhardt ran a meta-analysis on past research literature examining how social-psychological factors play a role in the structure of racial disparities in teacher-student relationships. Bias is also conditional, more likely to emerge in specific circumstances. Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford and a recipient of a 2014 MacArthur "genius" grant. In 2022, she was elected to the British Academy. She is a professor of psychology at Stanford University. In on-going research, Eberhardt is investigating whether the African American-ape association is one example of a more generalized belief that African Americans are not as evolved as other people. It stands to reason that the cameras improve officers behavior, since higher-ups can easily review their actions. For millennia, great thinkers and scholars have been working to understand the quirks of the human mind. As of 2017, Eberhardt and her team have since given bias training to ninety percent of the Oakland Police Departments officers. Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt is photographed after winning the 2014 MacArthur Genius Grant. [20], In a related 2008 study, Eberhardt and her colleagues conducted an analysis on printed newspaper articles regarding Caucasian and African-American convicts in line for the death penalty. The study discovered teachers' responses contributed to racial disparities in discipline in the sense that Black students are more likely to be labeled as "troublemakers" than White students. Jennifer Eberhardt, a psychology professor at Stanford University, uses cutting-edge research on racial bias its roots and how it works in our minds and throughout society to help us fight . You can find a list of all of Eberhardts seminars and lectures on this Stanford page. From 1995 to 1998 she taught at Yale University in the Departments of . Half the police officers in her study were primed with words like apprehend and capture before they saw two pictures side-by-side: one of a white male, and one of a Black male. From July 1995 to June 1998, Eberhardt worked as an assistant professor at Yale University in the Department of Psychology and the Department of African Studies and African-American Studies. Out-group bias can surface instinctively.. Crime-primed officers who viewed a Black suspect misremembered the suspect with someone who had more stereotypical Black features; but crime primed officers who saw a White suspect were less likely to identify a less stereotypical White suspect and more likely to associate it with a more stereotypical Black face. This impacts the well-being of members of historically disadvantaged racial groups. So, some situations make us more vulnerable to bias than others. In May 2005, she was appointed as an associate professor, and at some point she became a full professor. What we have traditionally called old-fashioned racism is limited to a few bad apples with evil intentions, she said. - Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt in her book Biased.2, Spurred by her own experience moving from a predominantly Black neighborhood to a predominantly white neighborhood, Eberhardt has demonstrated the other-race effect. The other-race effect suggests that people have difficulty telling people apart who are of a different race than themselves.3 This effect is evidenced by brain activity in the fusiform face area, the part of our brain involved with recognizing faces.4, For example, in Oakland, California, middle-aged women in Chinatown experienced a mini-crime wave of purse snatchings from Black teenagers. Awarded to her 2017 research team for outstanding contribution to their field. Stanford psychology professor Jennifer Eberhardt, the author of Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do, says Nextdoor reduced racial profiling by 75 percent . ThoughtCo is part of the Dotdash Meredith publishing family. Jennifer Eberhardt, PhD has the rare ability to put her readers at ease while discussing an incredibly difficult, complex and critical issue. People are nervous even trying to have discussions about race today. Her book is "Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do." This center at Stanford brings together many industry leaders, researchers and well known faces in society to inspire cultural changes using insights from the behavioral sciences. . But that bias disappeared in ballparks equipped with playback cameras that tracked pitch trajectories. By analyzing data from police departments and national crime statistics, Eberhardt found that as a result of their implicit bias, police officers are significantly more likely to stop black people for furtive movement (fidgety behavior that sometimes indicates nervousness) and more likely to kill unarmed African-Americans than unarmed white people.8 Evidently, acting nervous around police officers becomes an understandable vicious cycle with each additional innocent Black persons death dominating national headlines. Eberhardt, Jennifer L. et al. Looking back, Eberhardt says the subject of race first fascinated her when she was growing up as the youngest of five children in a predominantly African American, working-class area of Cleveland called Lee-Harvard. [4] She noticed that she and her non African-American classmates experienced life differently, such as her father and brothers being pulled over more frequently than other residents. What I expected, (my biases) was to walk away feeling beaten on, what I received was some really really great insight into why we form the biases we do and how our culture, job personal background and . They are useful tools that help us digest the infinite amount of information we encounter on a daily basis. Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Society for Personality and Social Psychology, "Jennifer L. Eberhardt - Stanford University", "Jennifer Eberhardt on Social Psychological Approaches to Race and Crime", "Oakland Engages Stanford University for Groundbreaking, Independent", "Book Recommendation: "Biased" By MacArthur Genius Grant Winner Jennifer Eberhardt", "Champions of Psychology: Jennifer Eberhardt", "Cleveland native Jennifer Eberhardt awarded "genius grant", "Racial bias is shockingly rife and surprisingly fixable", "Synthetic faces, face cubes, and the geometry of face space", "The fusiform face area plays a greater role in holistic processing for own-race faces than other-race faces", "Intersectional Invisibility: The Distinctive Advantages and Disadvantages of Multiple Subordinate-Group Identities", "Attending to threat: Race-based patterns of selective attention", "The Five I's of Five-O: Racial Ideologies, Institutions, Interests, Identities, and Interactions of Police Violence", "A Vicious Cycle: A SocialPsychological Account of Extreme Racial Disparities in School Discipline", "The Cozzarelli Prize: 2019 Call for Nominations | PNAS", Personal Website of Jennifer L. Eberhardt, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jennifer_Eberhardt&oldid=1121332944, Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences, Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. When Jennifer Eberhardt's son was 5 years old, he and his mother sat side by side on an airplane. For more than two decades, she has been unpacking implicit racial bias, how our. Thanks for contacting us. Eberhardt is at the forefront of behavioral psychology, examining how bias is embedded in everyday actions and informative of peoples actions. [19] This also introduces future directions for research such as the cognitive accessibility of primed information. [14][15] Another finding was that memory recognition was greater for recognizing same-race faces in European-Americans which showed higher activation in the left fusiform cortex and the right hippocampal and parahippocampal regions. The company allowed hosts to see details of other hosts reviews of potential renters. Jennifer Eberhardt began her lifes work at age 12, when a family move to a new neighborhood taught the future social psychologist an unsettling lesson about bias her own. While on a plane when he was only five years old, one of Eberhardts sons pointed to a Black man and told Eberhardt that the Black man looked like Daddy. The next sentence he spoke shocked Eberhardt - I hope he doesnt rob the plane. Eberhardt hopes that her research can cultivate a more just and equitable world with less racial stratification.4, Following her own uncertain path into psychology, Eberhardt has some advice for young academics. Interest is a feeling of pleasure, attention to learning, participation in learning, and the desire and awareness of learning mathematics from students. They currently reside in the San Francisco Bay Area with their three sons. Before members could publish an item in the sites suspicious person category, they had to click through a checklist of reminders, including an explicit warning not to assume criminality based on race. The study showed that people and officers specifically focused more on Black faces. That causes them to behave differently, to put forward their best selves as well.. Join our team to create meaningful impact by applying behavioral science, 2023 The Decision Lab. Stereotypes of both women and Black individuals were behind her classmates opinions.7, In later research, Eberhardt continued to find that racial stereotypes impacted peoples perceptions. In eye-opening lectures, Dr. Eberhardt shows the wide-ranging effects of deeply ingrained biases while providing actionable tools for organizations and . Eberhardt has shown that the other-race effect is a product of exposure. According to Eberhardt's research, the implicit association between African Americans and apes may lead to greater endorsement of police violence toward, or mistreatment of, an African American suspect than a white suspect. Through her 2012 research, Eberhardt also found that people in the courtroom are influenced by unconscious prejudice towards Black people. Further, in a study with actual registered voters, Eberhardt found that highlighting the high incarceration rate of African Americans makes people more, not less, supportive of the draconian policies that produce such disparities. She has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and was named one of Foreign Policy's 100 Leading Global Thinkers. On the back of growing activism, Dr. Jennifer Eberhardts insights into the unconscious racial bias present in the criminal justice system seems more relevant than ever. Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt was born in 1965 in Cleveland, Ohio. In the study, Jennifer Eberhardt, PhD, a psychology professor at Stanford University, and her colleagues tested 41 white male college students. [21] They found this imagery was significantly more common for African-Americans than Caucasians. Jennifer Eberhardt is professor of psychology and co-director of SPARQ, a Stanford Center that brings together researchers and practitioners to address significant social problems. Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt is an expert on unconscious racial bias. Specifically, Eberhardt found that if the victim and defendant in a criminal case are both Black, the jury tends to see the issue as an interpersonal one caused by differences in personal values, rather than a serious intergroup conflict.9 In other words, the case is belittled. First, its important to understand the difference between bias and racism, Eberhardt said. She has also provided directions for future research in this domain and brought attention to mistreatment in communities due to biases. National Academy of Education Spencer Postdoctoral Fellowship. Jennifer L. Eberhardt is a social psychologist investigating the subtle, complex, largely unconscious yet deeply ingrained ways that individuals racially code and categorize people, with a particular focus on associations between race and crime. If podcasts help you learn best, you might also want to listen to Eberhardts interview with Kara Swisher, host of the Recode Decode podcast. Awarded for active contributions and efforts in researching prejudice and discrimination faced by Black students in academic settings. We often act on our biases when feeling threatened, when we dont have time to think it through, Eberhardt said. In close situations, umpires tended to favor pitchers of their own race. When we individuate, we are not seeing a person just in terms of social category, Eberhardt said. Jadatnilla. Bias occurs because the human brain receives so much stimuli, it needs to sort the information into categories and subcategories such as animals, foods, objects, people and more. Eberhardt focuses on the biases embedded in modern-day technology, but also suggests ways companies can prevent their tech from inheriting racist ideologies. Eberhardts research demonstrates that even when there seem to be fewer blatant bigots and explicitly racist views out there, subtle and implicit racial prejudices that have historically governed societal relations have not disappeared; they are unconsciously embedded in our perceptions of the world and those around us. darker skinned, with a broader nose and thicker lips) were sentenced more harshly and, in particular, were more likely to be sentenced to death than if their features were less stereotypically black. Here, she conducted research on stereotyping and inter-group relations. When black users complained they were being rejected as guests, home-sharing service Airbnb set up a way to humanize its renters. [30] It was also found that when students of color and White students commit similar behaviors, the behaviors are viewed as being more serious for students of color. In 2016, she was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences as well as the National Academy of Sciences. Those who view racial differences as biologically influenced are, according to this study, less likely to express interest in interracial relationships. It was the other-race effect, Eberhardt explains, one of the brains subconscious shortcuts that helps us navigate the world. However, she found the projects dull and unenjoyable. With Eberhardts help, NextDoor added an extra step to slow down the posting process. Full supports all version of your device, includes PDF, ePub. In one experimental study, for example, people who were exposed to black faces were then more quickly able to identify a blurry image as a gun than those who were exposed to white faces or no faces. [18] The researchers made fifty recommendations for critical changes within the Oakland Police Department, many of which have been implemented as of the reports 2017 release. As children get older, they not only have categories but also learn the associations and beliefs attached to those categories in their culture, Eberhardt said. The next study focused solely on officers who were separated into two groups, those who were primed for crime and those who weren't. The other-race effect can cause racist ideologies like a belief that all Black people are the same, which can perpetuate stereotypical conventions, for example, linked to violence and crime. In April 2019, Eberhardt and Noah discussed the other-race effect and areas prone to unconscious racial bias. (Image credit: Nana Kofi Nti) [3] She has also provided directions for future research in this domain and brought attention to mistreatment in communities due to biases. They used computational linguistics to assess interactions between officers and members of the Oakland community. While bias and negative stereotypes are problems created by all people, not by just a few bad apples, Eberhardt has hope that the solutions rest with people as well. These people were also at a higher risk of promoting race-based stereotypes, were less likely to set aside inequalities and defended these inequalities as a product of innate racial differences. Concrete, relevant, factual information about how [guests] have previously behaved eased the racial tensions. Today, were privileged to put their insights to work, helping organizations to reduce bias and create better outcomes. [27], In 2015, the Oakland Police Department committed to participate in President Barack Obama's Police Data Initiative. We've received your submission. Why you should listen. But the preteen was mortified to find, even after months of trying, that she could not tell the other girls apart. From July 1993 to July 1994, Eberhardt was a postdoctoral research associate in the Social and Personality Psychology Division at the University of Massachusetts. Instead, it is about making our biases conscious so that we can manage them and not allow them to impact our behavior. There, she grew up with four older siblings in a mostly Black and lower income neighborhood. . 1-Page Summary of Biased. The problems associated with race are ones we have created, she believes, and they are also ones we can solve. [13] This impacts the well-being of members of historically disadvantaged racial groups. There was 1.5 times more activation in the right hemisphere of the brain, specifically the fusiform face areas (FFAs), when looking at same-race faces. We can have power over this. Facebook gives people the. Slowing down can keep bias from making your decisions for you.. that might account for the results. The studys findings revealed that those who believed racial differences arise due to biological differences differed from those who looked at race as a social construct. I knew it was something more. [21] The research done by Eberhardt demonstrated not only the mistreatment of African-American detainees, but also the lack of civil rights available to members of other lower-status groups who are often misjudged as aggressors. It was a new skill that I had to learn.. Jennifer Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford and a recipient of a 2014 MacArthur "genius" grant. She was raised in Lee-Harvard, a predominantly African-American middle-class neighborhood. The two have three sons and live in Palo Alto, California.13 Having her own family increased Eberhardts motivation to fight racial bias, as she saw first-hand how stereotypes are already concretized in the minds of young individuals. Its not bigotry; its how our brains are designed to process the experiences we have had in the world., At age 12, though, she had no words to express her distress. The race of the defendant influences whether the jury believes they are to blame and the length and severity of their sentence.8. If no match exists, you will be prompted to add a new person to the tree. She uses an example of black teens who steal from Asian women in Oakland. In 2016, Okonofua, Walton, and Eberhardt ran a meta-analysis on past research literature examining how social-psychological factors play a role in the structure of racial disparities in teacher-student relationships. All books format are mobile-friendly. Eberhardt was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the youngest of five children. This further increased her interest in racial inequality and changed her approach to understanding the world. The move was very jarring for Eberhardt, despite the two neighborhoods only being a bike ride away, as she started to understand that her experience of life was very different from that of her mostly white classmates at Beachwood High School. The Chinese women couldn't identify . [8], After graduating from Beachwood High School, she received her BA from the University of Cincinnati in 1987. In her charge to the Elon community during Wednesday's virtual discussion, Eberhardt invoked the words of the late Congressman John Lewis, who once said, "freedom is not a state; it is an act." Eberhardt encouraged students, faculty and staff to take action against social injustice. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Eberhardt is also the co-director and faculty co-founder of Stanford's SPARQ (Social Psychological Answers to Real-World Questions) program. When she was twelve, her family relocated to Beachwood, Ohio. The study also found that responses given by teachers may potentially drive racial differences in students' behaviors. Read. Family and friends must say goodbye to their beloved Jennifer A. Eberhardt of Macomb, Michigan, born in Detroit, Michigan, who passed away at the age of 38, on August 7, 2022. [1] She is married to Ralph Richard Banks, a law professor at Stanford University. [8] [9] In recent years, it has also been found that the other-race effect is embedded in and reinforced by technology. Jennifer Eberhardt Profiles | Facebook People named Jennifer Eberhardt Find your friends on Facebook Log in or sign up for Facebook to connect with friends, family and people you know. Nextdoor found that the neighbors werent consciously racial profiling. Sept. 16, 2014 9:45 PM PT. [24] This was because white offenders' behaviour was more likely to be attributed to youthful indiscretion while Black offenders were more likely to be perceived as having the maturity and criminal intentions of adults. Jennifer L. Eberhardt, 49, a social psychologist at Stanford University, is investigating the subtle ways people racially categorize each other and the impact of stereotypic associations between race and crime. People who fit racial stereotypes have double the chance of receiving the death penalty than those who look less Black. SARAH YENESEL/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER. Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt of Stanford University visited Yale Law School on April 11 to discuss how stereotypical associations affect outcomes in the criminal justice system. Eberhardt credits her interest in race and inequality on her family's move from the predominantly African-American working-class neighbourhood of Lee-Harvard to the white suburb of Beachwood. Jennifer L. Eberhardt Hazel R. Markus . She writes, in her book Biased, that the power of the gaze of others to define how youre seen in the world; it can shape the scope of your life and influence how you see yourself.2 She reiterates her message, that although we tend to think about seeing as objective and straightforward, how and what we see can be heavily shaped by our own mind-set.14, Her research has demonstrated that a lot of racial bias comes from a lack of exposure to different races. When questioned, the teenagers claimed they targeted Asian women because these women would not be able to tell them apart in a lineup.3. [1], Eberhardt and her colleagues developed research that introduced alternative approaches to considering race and ethnicity. They were presented with a picture of a Black or White suspect and were asked to complete a memory task where they had to identify the suspect in a lineup with other suspects of the same race. Shapes What We See, Think, and Do By Jennifer L. Eberhardt. She was born May 17, 1984, in Detroit, Michigan to Lori Eberhardt Poole and the late Ronald J. Kovack. When she was twelve, her family relocated to Beachwood, Ohio, where she graduated from Beachwood High School. [8][1] Eberhardt is also the co-director and faculty co-founder of Stanford's SPARQ (Social Psychological Answers to Real-World Questions) program. CC Sabathia might like to know that white umps show bias against black pitchers. This view may, ironically, be buttressed by the (erroneous) lay belief that black Africans developed earlier in the evolutionary process than did their white counterparts who are associated with Europe. The two neighbourhoods differed in terms of resources and opportunities despite their close proximity. In 2008, she published a study that sought to examine how the variations in beliefs regarding the root of racial differences can impact social interactions. The study also found that responses given by teachers may potentially drive racial differences in students' behaviors. It is conditional, and the battle begins by understanding the conditions under which it is most likely to come alive. She was raised in Lee-Harvard, a predominantly African-American working class neighbourhood. They currently reside in the San Francisco Bay Area with their three sons. Cleveland native Jennifer Eberhardt, an associate professor and social psychologist at Stanford University in Stanford, Calif. was named Wednesday as one of 21 people to receive a "genius. This center at Stanford brings together many industry leaders, researchers and well known faces in society to inspire cultural changes using insights from the behavioral sciences. The knowledge that their calls could be reviewed made umps subconsciously self-correct their biases. Specifically, Eberhardt has found that even people who profess to be racially unbiased may associate apes and African Americans, with images of one bringing to mind the other. When she was twelve, her family relocated to Beachwood, Ohio, where she graduated from Beachwood High School. Racial categories influence your perceptions. Junior Faculty Fellowship at Yale University, Distinguished Alumnae Award at the University of Cincinnati, Junior Faculty Professional Development Award at the Research Institute of Comparative Studies in Race and Ethnicity (RICSRE) of Stanford University, Residential Fellow Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, CA, Gordon and Pattie Faculty Fellow at Stanford University in the School of Humanities and Sciences, Deans Award for Distinguished Achievements in Teaching at Stanford University, Clayman Institute for Gender Research at the Faculty Research Fellow at Stanford University, Institute for Research in the Social Sciences (IRiSS) Faculty Fellow at Stanford University, MacArthur Fellowship from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Cozzarelli Prize from the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Eberhardt also found that people in the San Francisco Bay Area with their three sons 1998 taught. 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