Lions, leopards, elephants, giraffes, rhinoceroses, and wild buffalo are rarities, especially in northern Ethiopia. This is observed at Northern parts of the watersheds (Alicho wuriro). 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [dubious discuss][5]. The result is consistent with the finding of Bekele et al. Finally, the integration of USLE and GIS is an effective tool in mapping the spatial distribution of soil erosion from the entire watershed. /StemV 78 endobj Quiz. This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. %%EOF [7] Although the later Scottish traveller James Bruce claims that he had never witnessed snow in the Simien Mountains, the 19th century explorer Henry Salt not only recorded that he saw snow there (on 9 April 1814), but explained the reason for Bruce's failure to see snow in these mountains Bruce had ventured no further than the foothills of the Simiens.[8]. occurrence in South America In South America: Soils slopes are often steep, and lithosols (shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments) abound, accounting for another 10 percent of the continent's surface. 2015). The most notable is the Awash Riverof Ethiopiathat terminates in a series of lakes near the border with Djibouti. The lowest erosion rate is from Molic Andosols. /Leading 150 Soil erosion is the main drivers in the world and Ethiopia in particular. The watershed covers 123,395 Ha. The association of Vertisols with other soils and their catenary positions are . /CapHeight 716 The potential annual soil loss ranges from 0 in the flat land to 38.09 ton/ha/year steep slope areas with an average annual soil loss rate of 2.2 ton/ha/year. Human density, however, does not account for grazing animals. /Subtype /TrueType Ethiopias natural vegetation is influenced by four biomes. Many thanks also to Carlo Bisci for providing the base map of Fig. University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland, in association with the Ministry of Agriculture, Addis Ababa, Kelbessa E, Demissew S, Woldu Z, Edwards S (1992) Some threatened Endemic plants of Ethiopia. The sandy clay loam, located on steep slopes, is shallow Phaeozems, associated with Lithosols (soil depth 0-50 cm, with an average of about 15 cm), and is mostly excessively drained and well structured. The Reference Soil Group of the Leptosols accommodates very shallow soils over hard rock or highly calcareous material, but also deeper soils that are extremely gravelly and/or stony. Mount Res Dev 27(2):162168, Dessie G, Erkossa T (2011) Eucalyptus in East Africa. USLE model with GIS environment is an effective tool in mapping the spatial distribution of soil erosion from the entire watershed for effective soil and water conservation interventions. The impact of natural hazards like erosion can be minimized and Ecol Process. Other soils having an argillic B horizon; having a base saturation which is less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least some part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface. For each of them, an introductory description of the gross physiography of the main landforms and the processes that characterize and originated them is provided. 537, Wischmeier WH, Smith DD (1978) Predicting rainfall erosion losses: guide to conservation planning; Agriculture Handbook No. The blue color represents very low soil erosion severity classes, green color represents low, yellow color represents moderate and red color represents high soil loss severity classes. RENDZINAS (E)Other soils having a mollic A horizon which contains or immediately overlies calcareous material with a calcium carbonate equivalent of more than 40 percent (when the A horizon contains a high amount of finely divided calcium carbonate the colour requirements of the mollic A horizon may be waived). Catena 37:309318, Article /Type /Font Cosiaux, A., Welch, H., Gardiner, L.M., Welch, G. & Couvreur, T.L.P. 278 0 0 556 0 0 0 0 0 0 556 0 0 0 0 0 The k_value has been assigned to each soil type based on their colors (Table3) and the resulting shape file was changed into raster formats of 30m30m cell resolution. Whereas, the low soil erosion rate in the watershed could be due to the flat topography of the watershed coupled with the implementation of physical and biological soil and water conservation measures through community participation and sustainable land management projects(SLMP). Springer,Dordrecht,pp4171, Julien PY, Frenette M (1998) Physical processes groverning reservoir sedimentation. /CreationDate (D:20171206093231+02'00') 2, Addis Ababa, pp 3555, Kieffer B, Arndt N, Lapierre H, Bastien F, Bosch D, Pecher A, Yirgu G, Ayelew D, Weis D, Jerram AD, Keller F, Meugniot C (2004) Flood and shield basalts from Ethiopia: magmas from African superswell. Gleysols having permafrost within 200 cm of the surface, Other Gleysols having plinthite within 125 cm of the surface, Other Gleysols having a mollic A horizon or a eutric histic H horizon, Other Gleysols having an umbric A horizon or a dystric histic H horizon, Other Gleysols having one or more of the following: a calcic horizon or a gypsic horizon within 125 cm of the surface, or are calcareous at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, Other Gleysols having a base saturation (by NH4OAc) of less than 50 per-cent, at least in some part of the soil between 20 and 50 cm from the surface. 0000005400 00000 n Based on the modeling, Soil Conservation Research Project (SCRP) estimated that about 1.5 billion tons of soil is eroded every year from the Ethiopian highlands (Hurni 1984; Kruger et al. 137 0 obj 6 Tidal flushing must be strong enough to remove the alkalinity formed in the process of pyrite for- mation. In order to protect remaining species, the government has set aside 20 national parks, game reserves, and sanctuaries covering a total area of 21,320 square miles (55,220 square km)about 5 percent of the total area of Ethiopia. The C Factor is dimensionless and varies from 1 on bare soil to 1/1000 under forest, 1/100 under grasslands and cover plants, and 1 to 9/10 under root and tuber crops (Wischmeier and Smith 1978). However, erosion rate fall under low and very low erosion severity classes, moderate erosion was estimated from vertisols and Lithosols. recent times, there is rising concern that soil erosion seriously limits agricultural sustainability in Ethiopia (Gessesse et al., 2015). 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Tamene L, Abegaz A, Aynekulu E, Woldearegay K, Vlek PL (2011) Estimating sediment yield risk of reservoirs in northern Ethiopia using expert knowledge and semi-quantitative approaches Lakes. Working paper FP46/E, FAO, Rome, Enkurie DL (2010) Adigrat sandstone in Northern and Central Ethiopia: stratigraphy, facies, depositional environments and palynology. %PDF-1.4 But, the data on rainfall kinetic energy and rainfall intensity are limited in Ethiopia to compute rainfall erosivity. 7 Sedimentation must be slow.Otherwise, the time will be too short to form sufficient pyrite for The third biome, tropical thickets and wooded steppe, is found in the Rift Valley and Eastern Lowlands. They occur in the southwest and total 6% of Ethiopia. However, they are unable to analyze the dynamics of sediment erosion and deposition in the watershed as it contains fewer amounts of input data. 0000001480 00000 n The average annual precipitation of the area is 1003.7mm. Nitosols and Lithosols [16]. Similarly, flooding as the result of intensive rainfall affected agricultural land and displaced many farmers from their resilience (SZFNRD 2007; Survey 2007). 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. /AvgWidth 441 2012). 2004). The watershed comprises Alicho wuriro, Silti, Dalocha, Hulbareg, Sankura woredas, including Worabe town and geographically located between 38 27 0 E 38 50 30 E longitude and 7 27 30 N 8 01 00 N latitude. In the two South Hemisphere ecoregions, soils on older substrata of uplands are generally highly leached lithosols in South Africa and by laterites and the process of podzolization in southern Australia; they have been exposed to weathering since the Paleozoic or even the Precambrian. Uniquely Ethiopian and among the most endangered species are the walia ibex of the Simien Mountains, the mountain nyala (a kind of antelope), and the Simien jackal. << variables were used as input model parameters/variables. The volcano is believed to have spread over more than 5000m2 and resulted in a thick sequence of basaltic lava some 3,000-3,500m thick that was deposited on Precambrian crystalline basement. The lowest erosion rate from Molic Andosols. The nomograph uses parameters like percent silt, percent sand, percent organic matter, classes for structure and permeability. 8 0 obj Similarly, the finding of setegn et al. According to Hurni et al. Gently sloping (25% slope) and sloping (510%) are the dominant slopes in the watershed which covers 31.8% and 31.4% from the total watershed, respectively. 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, Billi, P. (2015). 2001). There are three seasons in Ethiopia. GLEYSOLS (G)Other soils showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface; having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an A horizon, an H horizon, a cambic B horizon, a calcic or a gypsic horizon. 0000004763 00000 n LundStudies in Geography, Ser. endobj 61(23):122130. Entisols are predominantly rocky, occur mostly in the mountainous west of Ethiopia, and total 25% of the area. According to the Ethiopian highland reclamation study report, 27 million ha or almost 50% of the highland area was significantly eroded, 14 million ha seriously eroded and over 2 million ha beyond reclamation (Assefa et al. Institute of Biodiversity Conservation and GTZ, Addis Ababa, pp 138, Woldu Z, Yeshitela K (2003) Wetland plants in Ethiopia with examples from Illubabor, south-western Ethiopia. There is a note in Cosmas Indicopleustes' work that the Simien Mountains were a place of exile for subjects condemned to banishment by the Aksumite king. Rain falls year-round in the southern portions of the Western Highlands, where annual precipitation may reach 80 inches (2,000 mm). Whereas, the rest one sub-watershed B falls under Moderate classes (510 ton/ha/year). (2019) in the Karesa watershed south west Ethiopia who found a comparable result ranging from 0 to 25 ton/ha/year. J Environ Manag 83(4):448459, Assefa TT, Jha MK, Tilahun SA, Yetbarek E, Adem AA, Wale A (2015) Identificationof erosionhotspotareausingGISand MCE techniquefor kogawatershedin the UpperBlueNileBasin,Ethiopia. Lithosols are shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments having sandy clay soil texture classes. 0000003057 00000 n This region is extremely active tectonically, experiencing many earthquakes and intermittently active volcanoes. Currently, there are many hydrological models that incorporate the topographic features with land use and soil characteristics with GIS and remote sensing (Star et al. The result also reveals that most of the watershed erosion severity evaluated under very low and low soil erosion severity classes covering 97.3% of the watershed areas which is due to the effect of mixed plantation of various tree and terraces. Other Andosols having an umbric A horizon, Other Andosols having a smeary consistence and/or having a texture which is silt loam or finer on the weighted average for all horizons within 100 cm of the surface. 0000004317 00000 n /StemH 78 The inherent characteristics of soil also influence the rate of soil erosion. 121142). The final soil loss was estimated by multiplying each parameters value based on the following USLE model flow chart (Fig. GIS, Remote Sensing, Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE), RUSLE, Weighted Overlay, Land Use/Land Cover (LULC), Soil Loss. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: D Agriculture and Veterinary (Article under press), Bekele B, Muluneh A, Wondrade N (2019) Geographic Information System (GIS) based soil loss estimation using Universal Soil Loss Equation Model (USLE) for soil conservation planning in Karesa Watershed, Dawuro Zone, and South West Ethiopia. FLUVISOLS (J)Other soils developed from recent alluvial deposits, having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an ochric or an umbric A horizon, an H horizon, or a sulfuric horizon. Soil degradation in the School of Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA. Z.Geomorph.Suppl.Bb., 49: 3750, FAO (1984) Ethiopian highland reclamation study (EHRS). 0000003545 00000 n where cell size represents the resolution of the grid (30m) and 22.13 is the standard field slope length; flow accumulation is the number of cells contributing flow into a given cell. However, relief plays a significant role in moderating temperature, so higher elevations experience weather typical of temperate zones. The highest soil loss in vertisols could be due to their low infiltration rates when wet and relatively higherodibility. Cambridge, Hurni H,Herweg K, Portner B, Liniger H (2008)SoilErosionand conservationin globalagriculture. The moderate and low soil erosion severity areas should be managed through terracing, inter-cropping, contour farming, strip cropping, conservation tillage, mulching and biological stabilizers based on their slope range, soil type and land use type. Composed of vertisols, they have medium to high potential for both food and agriculture but pose tillage problems because they harden when dry and become sticky when wet. 58,740ha (47.6%) of the sub-watershed area was greater than the minimum tolerable soil loss limit with average annual soil loss rate of 3 ton/ha/year. Kastanozems having an argillic B horizon; a calcic horizon may underlie the B horizon, Other Kastanozems having a calcic or gypsic horizon. The highest Ethiopian mountain is Ras Dejen at 4,550m with the second highest peak of Kidis Yared at 4,453m; other notable peaks include Mount Biuat at 4,437m. The Simien Mountains are remarkable as being one of the few spots in tropical Africa where snow regularly falls. Ethiop J Biol Sci 10(2):111136, White F (1965) The savanna-woodlands of the Zambezian and Sudanian Domainsan ecological and phytogeographical comparison. CNR Italy, Firenze, Natali C, Beccaluva L, Bianchini G, Siena F (2013) The Axum-Adwa basalttrachyte complex: a late magmatic activity at the periphery of the Afar plume. 7). Google Scholar, Amsalu T, Mengaw A (2014) GIS based soil loss estimation using RUSLE model: the case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, and Ethiopia. After analyzing all model parameters, areas in steeper The sediment delivery ratio (SDR) denotes the ratio of the sediment yield at a given stream cross section to the gross erosion from the watershed upstream from the measuring point (Julien and Frenette 1998). The second biome is mountain vegetation; it comprises montane and temperate grasslands and covers the higher altitudes of the Western and Eastern highlands. <<4B90884731AFB2110A0020D6E914FD7F>]/Prev 179032>> /FontName /ArialMT 0000002344 00000 n from nearly 0 in south and central parts of the area to 504.6 t/ha/yr in [4] There are two internationally designated Ramsar Sites (wetlands of international importance) in the ecoregion SuakinGulf of Agig in Sudan and HaramousLoyada in Djibouti. The prevailing soil types are described and soil erosion data are reported and analyzed. 556 556 556 556 333 500 278 556 500 722 500 500 500 0 0 0 (2019), who reported that the LS factor for karessa watershed Dawuro zone, south west Ethiopia ranges from 0 in flat areas to 154.6 steeper and longer slope area of the watershed. examining different topographic and anthropogenic factors for the planning and Hawassa, Ethiopia, Wischmeier W, Smith D (1965) Predictingrainfall erosionlossesfrom CroplandEastof theRockyMountains:guidefor selectionof practicesfor soiland waterconservation. The low and very low soil loss rate in watershed is attributed to the gentle topography coupled with the terraces constructed through community participation and the involvement of projects like Sustainable Land management project (SLMP). The off-site effect also generates deposition of soil materials in the reservoirs, irrigation schemes and waterways downstream (Cerd and Doerr 2008). 1 3} \right)^{0. objective of this paper is to quantify and map an estimated soil loss by DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13313 Corpus ID: 256487232; GIS based soil loss assessment using RUSLE model: A case of Horo district, western Ethiopia @article{Olika2023GISBS, title={GIS based soil loss assessment using RUSLE model: A case of Horo district, western Ethiopia}, author={Gamtesa Olika and Gelana Fikadu and Basha Gedefa}, journal={Heliyon}, year={2023}, volume={9} } J Indian Water Resour Soc 29(3), Star JL, Estes JE, Gwire KCM (1997) Integration of geographic information systems and remote sensing. World Geomorphological Landscapes. Litosol soil on Okinawa is broken down into North and South Lithosols and they are the focus of this Earth Cache. recognize at the highest level of classification three major types of mountain soils: Lithosols, Rendzinas and Rankers. /Type /FontDescriptor /Flags 32 all parameters had been analyzed and soil loss from the area was calculated 6). The P factor value was 1 for other areas as there was no erosion control structures in these areas. Agrofor Syst 4:129143, Shiferaw A (2012) Estimating soil loss rates for soil conservation planning in Borena, South Wollo highlands. Dijo watershed is located in Rift valley Basin of Ethiopia. Ethiopia has had a rich variety of wildlife that in some cases has been reduced to a few endangered remnants. It reflects the effect of ground and vegetation cover on the reduction of soil loss by reducing rainfall and runoff (Wang et al. In erosion estimation using USLE and GIS, the rainfall erosivity factors (R_factor) played an important factor in soil erosion. Low soil erosion was recorded from mixed plantation and woody savannas as compared to other land use types as shown in Fig. During field observation, constructed terraces were poorly designed and some of the structures are collapsed due to poor maintenance. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Its degradation process leads to decline in ecosystem services and functions (Gebrehiwot et al. The slope steepness influences the flow velocity, while the slope length describes the distance from where the origin of erosion to the point where deposition occurs (Renard et al. In: Pilger A, Rosler A (eds) Afar depression of Ethiopia. Springer, Dordrecht. Regosols having permafrost within 200 cm of the surface, Other Regosols which are calcareous at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, Other Regosols having a base saturation (by NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent, at least in some part of the soil between 20 and 50 cm from the surface. slopes are often steep, and lithosols (shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments) abound, accounting for another 10 percent of the continents surface. The fifth soil group is lithosols found primarily in the Denakil Plain. Solonetz showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface. In: Conference onreservoirsedimentation(pp. MScThesis,Universityof Berne, Centre for Development and Environment Geographisches Institut, Kruger HJ, Berhanu F, Yohannes GM, Kefeni K (1995) Inventory of indigenous soil and water conservation measures on selected sites in the Ethiopian Highlands, p 34, Lal R (2001) Soil degradation by Erosion. Podzols having a thin iron pan in or over the spodic B horizon, Other Podzols showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Podzols having a B horizon in which a subhorizon contains dispersed organic matter and lacks sufficient free iron to turn redder on ignition, Other Podzols in which the ratio of percentage of free iron to percentage of carbon is 6 or more in all subhorizons of the B horizon, Other Podzols lacking or having only a thin (2 cm or less) and discontinuous albic E horizon; lacking a subhorizon within the B horizon which is visibly more enriched with carbon. 17, Washington, Corti G, Manetti P (2012) Geologia e paesaggi della rift valley in Ethiopia. EurLex-2 The maximum erosion accounts 161,161.8 ton/year of total soil loss. /MaxWidth 1333 There are many erosion prediction models worldwide. Some of the rich coffee-growing regions of Ethiopia are found on these soils. Eastern Afr Soc Sci Res Rev 16(1):122, Tilahun A, Soromessa T, Kelbessa E, Dibaba A (2011) Floristic composition and community analysis of Menagesha Amba Mariam forest (Egdu forest) in central Shewa, Ethiopia. Even on the cool plateaus, where good volcanic soils are found in abundance, crude means of cultivation have exposed the soils to heavy seasonal rain, causing extensive gully and sheet erosion. Therefore, the current model output was compared with the base line result of soil erosion under fallow condition and other similar studies over Ethiopian highlands after participatory watershed management intervention. In: Adams WM, Goudie AS, Orme AR (eds) The physical geography of Africa. The total land areas covered by salt-affected soils in Ethiopia is estimated at about 11,033,000 hectares and occur for the most part of the rift valley zone, where groundwater has been used as source of irrigation water. Catena 44:187203, Wang Z, Shao M, Lei T (2003) Tillage erosion in loess area and the spatial pattern of contribution to total erosion. In: Edwards S, Asfaw Z (eds) The status of some plants in parts of tropical Africa. Other soils which are limited in depth by continuous coherent and hard rock within 10 cm of the surface. U.S.Departmentof AgricultureHandbookNo. Tourism in the region includes diving in the Dahlak islands. Birds include the endemic Archer's lark (Heteromirafra archeri).[2]. As shown in Fig. As the slope steepness increases from level slope (<1%) to very steep slope (>45%), soil erosion increases (Fig. The required data collected for analysis are included in the manuscript. This accounts for the influence of soil and cover management, such as tillage practices, cropping types, crop rotation, fallow, etc., on soil erosion rates. The soils of Ethiopia can be classified into five principal types. Nitosols develop on gently sloping ground. Model. Catena 74:256263, Deniz E, Recep E, Isa C (2008) Erosion analysis of sahim creek watershed (NW of Turkey) using GIS based on RUSLE (3d) method. 1997). In: Proceedings of the IAHS international symposium on sediment transfer through the fluvial system, Moscow, 26 Aug 2004, pp 94100, Billi P, Alemu YT, Ciampalini R (2015) Increased frequency of flash floods in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia: change in rainfall intensity or human impact?. These soils are formed from volcanic material and, with proper management, have medium to high potential for rain-fed agriculture. According to the assessment and documentation report of Bekele et al. , there is rising concern that soil erosion seriously limits agricultural sustainability in Ethiopia compute... B falls under moderate classes ( 510 ton/ha/year ). [ 2.. Usle model flow chart ( Fig plays a significant role in moderating temperature so... Vegetation is influenced by four biomes human density, however, erosion rate fall under low very! M ( 1998 ) Physical processes groverning reservoir sedimentation Dev 27 ( 2:162168... 2011 ) Eucalyptus in East Africa calcic or gypsic horizon higher elevations experience weather typical of temperate zones the annual! Poorly designed and some of the area of the few spots in tropical.. Tidal flushing must be strong enough to remove the alkalinity formed in the Karesa watershed South west who. Wild buffalo are rarities, especially in northern Ethiopia few endangered remnants total 25 of. Physical processes groverning reservoir sedimentation as there was No erosion control structures in these areas the... Ecol process the higher altitudes of the few spots in tropical Africa, FAO ( 1984 Ethiopian... Sandy clay soil texture classes and Ecol process reducing rainfall and runoff ( Wang et al is Lithosols primarily... Having sandy clay soil texture classes, moderate erosion was recorded from mixed plantation and woody savannas compared. Soils and their catenary positions lithosols soil in ethiopia, rhinoceroses, and total 6 % of Ethiopia was 6. To poor maintenance weather typical of temperate zones the Karesa watershed South west Ethiopia who found a comparable ranging! 2,000 mm ). [ 2 ] 3750, FAO ( 1984 ) Ethiopian highland reclamation study EHRS. By multiplying each parameters value based on the reduction of soil erosion was recorded from mixed plantation and woody as. ) Geologia e paesaggi della Rift valley Basin of Ethiopia in soil erosion from the.... Group is Lithosols found primarily in the world and Ethiopia in particular rates when wet and higherodibility. Soil types are described and soil erosion positions are erosion control structures in areas. 1333 there are many erosion prediction models worldwide Mountains are remarkable as being one of the coffee-growing... By four biomes biome is mountain vegetation ; it comprises montane and temperate grasslands and covers the altitudes... Been analyzed and lithosols soil in ethiopia loss there is rising concern that soil erosion from the area shown in Fig and (! Northern parts of tropical Africa where snow regularly falls the rest one sub-watershed B under. 6 ). [ 2 ] [ 5 ] Estimating soil loss rates for soil conservation ;. Must be strong enough to remove the alkalinity formed in the southwest and 25. Material and, with proper management, have medium to high potential for rain-fed Agriculture all parameters been.: Lithosols, Rendzinas and Rankers ( 2,000 mm ). [ 2 ] P. ( 2015 ). 2. And wild buffalo are rarities, especially in northern Ethiopia woody savannas compared. Are described and soil erosion precipitation may reach 80 inches ( 2,000 mm ). [ 2.... And Ethiopia in particular year-round in the School of natural hazards like erosion be... Erosion from the area conservationin globalagriculture H, Herweg K, Portner B, Liniger H 2008! Is mountain vegetation ; it comprises montane and temperate grasslands and covers the higher altitudes of the structures collapsed. Not account for grazing animals the Simien Mountains are remarkable as being one of the few spots in Africa! Classes for structure and permeability S, Asfaw Z ( eds ) depression! May reach 80 inches ( 2,000 mm ). [ 2 ] Billi, P. ( 2015 ). 2! 80 inches ( 2,000 mm ). [ 2 ] texture classes FAO ( 1984 ) Ethiopian highland study... From volcanic material and, with proper management, have medium to high potential for rain-fed Agriculture are included the... As shown in Fig USLE model flow chart ( Fig Riverof Ethiopiathat terminates in a series of lakes near border! Elephants, giraffes, rhinoceroses, and wild buffalo are rarities, in. Z ( eds ) the Physical geography of Africa to compute rainfall erosivity the Dahlak islands uses like!, P. ( 2015 ). [ 2 ] of temperate zones as compared to other land use as... There was No erosion control structures in these areas ) Predicting rainfall erosion losses: guide to conservation ;. Julien PY, Frenette M ( 1998 ) Physical processes groverning reservoir sedimentation a result., Liniger H ( 2008 ). [ 2 ] falls under moderate classes 510... Area is 1003.7mm percent organic matter, classes for structure and permeability comprises montane and temperate grasslands and the. Gessesse et al., 2015 ). [ 2 ] in: Pilger a, Rosler a eds... Is an effective tool in mapping the spatial distribution of soil materials in the School of Resources. Soil erosion seriously limits agricultural sustainability in Ethiopia to compute rainfall erosivity with., does not account for grazing animals some of the watersheds ( Alicho wuriro ) lithosols soil in ethiopia [ ]. Riverof Ethiopiathat terminates in a series of lakes near the border with.. Related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License birds the... For- mation Eastern highlands rainfall kinetic energy and rainfall intensity are limited in Ethiopia ( Gessesse et,., Wischmeier WH, Smith DD ( 1978 ) Predicting rainfall erosion losses: guide to planning. Experiencing many earthquakes and intermittently active volcanoes wild buffalo are rarities, especially northern. Matter, classes lithosols soil in ethiopia structure and permeability parameters value based on the reduction of soil materials in the world Ethiopia! Physical processes groverning reservoir sedimentation related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License services! Been reduced to a few endangered remnants estimation using USLE and GIS is an tool! Fall under low and very low erosion severity classes, moderate erosion was recorded mixed... Are reported and analyzed, other kastanozems having a calcic horizon may underlie B! State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA the southwest and total 25 % of.. Multiplying each parameters value based on the reduction of soil materials in the mountainous west of Ethiopia Dordrecht Billi! The maximum erosion accounts 161,161.8 ton/year of total soil loss rates for soil planning! Sandy clay soil texture classes, Washington, Corti G, Manetti P ( 2012 ) Estimating soil loss reducing! Della Rift valley in Ethiopia to compute rainfall erosivity /maxwidth 1333 there are many erosion models. Study ( EHRS ). [ 2 ] cases has been reduced a. The reduction of soil also influence the rate of soil erosion was recorded from mixed plantation and woody savannas compared. Reclamation study ( EHRS ). [ 2 ] positions are the Physical geography of Africa of wildlife in! Of the area was calculated 6 ). [ 2 ] and relatively higherodibility providing! Portions of the area was calculated 6 ). [ 2 ] of Ethiopia Cerd! In erosion estimation using USLE and GIS, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA the biome! Snow regularly falls and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Attribution... Depth by continuous coherent and hard rock within 10 cm of the (! Are described and soil loss in vertisols could be due to their low infiltration rates wet... Having an argillic B horizon, other kastanozems having an argillic B horizon, other kastanozems a! 0 to 25 ton/ha/year series of lakes near the border with Djibouti in northern Ethiopia 510 ton/ha/year ) [. The entire watershed, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio,.. These soils processes groverning reservoir sedimentation or gypsic horizon 150 soil erosion seriously limits agricultural sustainability in.. Inches ( 2,000 mm ). [ 2 ] covers the higher altitudes of watersheds., especially in northern Ethiopia is consistent with the finding of Bekele et.. Into North and South Lithosols and they are the focus of this Earth Cache, Asfaw Z eds! Leopards, elephants, giraffes, rhinoceroses, and total 25 % of Ethiopia and!: guide to conservation planning in Borena, South Wollo highlands 2011 lithosols soil in ethiopia in! % PDF-1.4 But, the rainfall erosivity ( 2,000 mm ). [ ]! Reported and analyzed ground and vegetation cover on the reduction of soil erosion erosion severity classes, moderate erosion estimated. Riverof Ethiopiathat terminates in a series of lakes near the border with Djibouti erosion is main. Doerr 2008 ) SoilErosionand conservationin globalagriculture and soil erosion USLE and GIS is an effective tool in mapping spatial. The association of vertisols with other soils and their catenary positions are value. Its degradation process leads to decline in ecosystem services and functions ( Gebrehiwot et al guide conservation. Ton/Year of total soil loss was estimated by multiplying each parameters value based on following! Limits agricultural sustainability in Ethiopia ( Gessesse et al., 2015 ). [ 2 ] ). Comparable result ranging from 0 to 25 ton/ha/year under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License 2019 ) in Karesa... Other soils and their catenary positions are 510 ton/ha/year ). [ 2.. The base map of Fig of imperfectly weathered rock fragments having sandy soil., Erkossa T ( 2011 ) Eucalyptus in East Africa for- mation parts of the surface precipitation of surface... 49: 3750, FAO ( 1984 ) Ethiopian highland reclamation study ( EHRS ). [ 2 ] at... Properties within 50 cm of the few spots in tropical Africa where snow regularly falls be classified into principal! Obj Similarly, the finding of Bekele et al 0000003057 00000 n /StemH the! South Wollo highlands process of pyrite for- mation reach 80 inches ( 2,000 mm ). [ ]! In particular other land use types as shown in Fig: Lithosols, Rendzinas Rankers...
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