For example, Vivien Thomas (19101985), the Black surgical technician who helped develop the groundbreaking surgical technique that saves the lives of blue babies was classified as a janitor for many years, and paid as such, despite the fact that he was conducting complicated surgical experiments. WebHere are the key points to review. WebSome of the disadvantages of conflict in the workplace include People are unable to focus on common goals Winning the argument, fighting and continuing the battle even at the cost of ones principles is more important than organizational objectives Judgment gets distorted because of a fight between two individuals Advantages and Disadvantages of Tuckmans Theory. This paper suggests not new, but near forgotten thought arising from conflict theory: conflict has its own advantages and can be productive. For example, children hearing the reading of the will of a deceased parent may suddenly come into conflict as they each believe that they deserve more money than was allocated to them. LeFebvre, R., & Franke, V. (2013). Conflict theory is a sociopolitical theory that originated with Karl Marx. Marxs version of conflict theory focused on the conflict between two primary classes. iii). How Can Industrialization Affect National Economies of LDCs? WebFeminist theory is a mode of analytical thoughts and actions of women's ideology that are excluded from society. Generally, modern sociologists have seen conflict as both endemic and mundane and thus regarded as normal, leading to the disappearance of a distinctive conflict sociology in recent years (Crouch, 2001). I'm Amy, Roles can emphasize, as discussed previously, communal or system values. Some people who claim a White identity have a greater amount of skin pigmentation than some people who claim a Black identity; how did they come to define themselves as Black or White? The military revolution and political change. On the positive side, conflict can bring energy to a functionalism: Structural functionalism, or simply functionalism, is a framework for building theory that sees This rationalization and creation of systems is seen as a weakness of functionalism given that it fails and lacks the understanding of exploited social groups and the inequality within society. However, sociologists agree that an action is rational if they consider the set of all relevant alternatives, and assess every outcome correctly. 3: Conflict in Perspective.". (Bryant and Charmaz (eds.) Binns, D. (1977). Talcott Parsons (1964) is the most prominent structural functionalist who studied conflict. The primary strength of the functionalist theory is that it a macro level structural theory which uses an organic analogy, using the body as a way to describe the different parts within society. Feminist sociologist Patricia Hill Collins (1990) further developed intersection theory, originally articulated in 1989 by Kimberl Crenshaw, which suggests we cannot separate the effects of race, class, gender, sexual orientation, and other attributes (Figure 11.4). Socialism is an economic and political system based on public or collective ownership of the means of production that emphasizes economic equality. If you want a unique paper, order it from our professional writers. Conflict theories emphasize looking at the history and events in a society in terms of structural power divisions, such as social class. Beyond the sociology of conflict. It is an economic system established on free market People innovated and created institutions, in Dahrendofs approach (1972) by openly expressing and working out differences, difficulties, and contradictions. The primary strength of conflict theory is that recognizing and promoting groups to find common grounds, form alliances, define values and develop strategies for Married couples, siblings, high schoolers, employers can all utilized the principles of symbolic interaction. In the study of conflict, sociologists have emphasized vertical role differentiation, which assigns different roles to different positions within the power hierarchy. https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-3e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-3e/pages/11-2-theoretical-perspectives-on-race-and-ethnicity, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Describe how major sociological perspectives view race and ethnicity, Identify examples of culture of prejudice. Intersectionality recognizes that identity markers such as race and gender should not exist and tends to lead to oppression (Ferris, Kerry, and Jill Stein). Weber (1978) argued that there are two types of rationality involved in decision-making processes. Collins, R. (2014). WebConflict can be a destructive force halting a groups progress or a constructive power fueling group debate and problem solving. But this assumes that all anti-social elements in the population are based on class rule and its cognates. (2007) Other comments gathered from In practice, however, employees and employers often have a harmonious relationship. In the context of war, a society may become unified in some ways, but conflict still remains between multiple societies. The primary strength of symbolic interaction is the acknowledgement of everyones individuality. The quote focuses on ending discrimination and making sure all individuals even those outside of privileged groups are understood. Marxism is a set of social, political, and economic theories developed by Karl Marx that formed the basis of socialist principles. Towards the end of the essay comes the quote It is also highly important for us to realize that we do not as a matter of fact lead our lives, make our decisions, and reach our goals in everyday life either statistically or scientifically. For example, while an engineer may need to design a building that has beams visible from the atrium for structural stability reasons, this may contradict an architect or interior designers desire to have a clean, modern space without visible construction elements. Advantages [+] : When the potential risk outweighs the potential benefit of the resolution, for example, if you have a fear of retaliation. A History of Income Inequality in the United States, How Education and Training Affect the Economy. Consider the subset of identity elements represented here. Like functionalism, to micro functionalists, conflict is unusual and pathological, and events such as strikes, divorces, crime and violence are seen as indicators of malfunctioning, but mundane malfunctioning. Press. Marxs version of conflict theory focused on the conflict between two primary classes within capitalist society: the ruling capitalist class (or bourgeoisie) who own the means of production, and the working class (or proletariat), whose alienated labor the bourgeoisie exploit to produce profit. Nonetheless, the roles of a horizontally integrated organization can still be incompatible. Specify your topic, deadline, number of pages and other requirements. She has written for Amnesty International and maintains three blogs. In contrast, an organization can have role differentiation because members have partial and specific responsibilities, such as that of an engineer or a salesperson. Consider the casually racist imagery on grocery store shelves or the stereotypes that fill popular movies and advertisements. While the conflict theory certainly would relate to social class relationships, it is much more difficult to bring that concept into family dynamics as the link between the Collins (1971) attempts to explain employment discrimination against women as the result of a sexual stratification system constructed from the perspectives of Freud and Weber. Press. Habermas (1987) considers these opposing communal and system values to be a potential source of social conflict. Not in situations of peace and social equality. Habermas, J. www.simplypsychology.org/conflict-theory.html. Separation can occur on either the individual or group level. Oxford: Pergamon. In this struggle, Marx emphasizes the antagonistic relationship between social classes, in particular the relationship between the owners of capitalwho Marx calls the bourgeoisieand the working class, which he calls the proletariat. Conflict theory had a profound influence on 19th- and 20th-century thought and continues to influence political debates to this day. Conflict theory studies the inequalities of wealth and power. Five of the most important benefits which relate to workplace conflict are: Earlier Problem Identification. Conflict theory has sought to explain a wide range of social phenomena, including ( ) Conflict theory primielary sees everyday life as a type of competition, believing that rules are applied unequally and that punishments vary for rule violators. The American sociologist Talcott Parsons (1951) noted that in the creation of a social arrangement, actors have to decide whether the relationships among themselves are: affective or affectively neutral; self or collectively oriented; universalistic or particularistic; specific or diffuse; ascription or achievement oriented. The primary strength of conflict theory is that recognizing and promoting groups to find common grounds, form alliances, define values and develop strategies for achieving change. How can racism and discrimination contribute positively to society? In contrast to functionalist theories of conflict, Marxist theories of conflict see conflict as endemic and momentus (Marx, 2000). (Students: contact your instructor for instructions on accessing this course.) The president of the United States had to negotiate the risks of reacting too strongly (nuclear war) with the drawbacks of responding weakly (increasing the influence of the Soviet Union). Symbolic interactionism focus more on the smaller picture compared to the big picture and is clearly expressed in the third essay. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Although few modern sociologists call themselves conflict theorists, scholars as notable as Karl Marx (18181883), Max Weber (18641920), Talcott Parsons (19021979), and Ralf Dahrendorf (19292009) have formulated theories as to what causes conflict, its normalcy, and the impact it has on societies. The ultimate vision of the conflict school is to see a society where all can freely cooperate in the production of social goods. What you need to know about the Karl Marx theory. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. Social Problems, 19(1), 3-21. doi:10.2307/799936. Functionalism and its approach illustrates how a social institution can work at two different levels both fulfilling the needs of each individual and meeting the needs of the whole society at the same time, as well as providing a very harmonious view of society and the family. Weaknesses of Structural Functionalism i). Culture Matters: Individualism vs. Collectivism in Conflict Decision-Making. It emphasizes the marked differences of varying social classes and the power struggles between capitalist and working class individuals. This mode of unmasking is one of the most attractive elements of critical/conflict theory. WebInteractionist theory, based largely on the work of American philosopher and psychologist George Herbert Mead (1863-1931), assumes that people learn how to act and react to different situations based on their interactions in society. Marx theorized about the bourgeoisie, a group that represented members of society who hold the majority of the wealth and means. ii). Bartos, O. J., & Wehr, P. (2002). The conflict perspective on society affirms the negative and conflicted state of society as normal behavior. When it comes to intersectionality weaknesses there are very few that oppose a problem within todays society. Our writers will help you fix any mistakes and get an A+! Sociologists have used conflict theory to frame and enhance discussions as far-ranging as historical events to individualistic vs. collectivistic cultures and gender discrimination in the workplace. Creative Commons Attribution License WebConflict theory has strengths in its macro view of society. An approach-avoidance conflict is characterized by the presence of both advantages and disadvantages, or perceived negatives and positives. The meaning behind this quote shows that if society works together, the system of positions is more likely to be noticed then compared those working individuality. One extreme example of isolation is cults. For example, he believed that labor is a type of commodity. 2020 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. Much of the scientific research performed on conflict dealt primarily with individual conflict rather than interpersonal conflict. Functionalism is the sociological theory which holds that each part of society is necessary for the functioning of the social organism and can easily be seen in the fourth essay., Intersectionality: Strengths & Weaknesses. Also, if conflict is a natural segment of humanity, then topics on conflict resolution or peace integration are obsolete and void of meaning. are licensed under a, Theoretical Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity, High, Low, Pop, Sub, Counter-culture and Cultural Change, Theoretical Perspectives on Deviance and Crime, Global Implications of Media and Technology, Theoretical Perspectives on Media and Technology, Social Stratification in the United States, Social Stratification and Mobility in the United States, Theoretical Perspectives on Social Stratification, Theoretical Perspectives on Global Stratification, Theoretical Perspectives on Government and Power, Theoretical Perspectives on Health and Medicine, Population, Urbanization, and the Environment, Introduction to Social Movements and Social Change. Make sure your essay is plagiarism-free or hire a writer to get a unique paper crafted to your needs. Functionalism emphasizes that all the elements of society have functions that promote solidarity and maintain order and stability in society. Conflict theories are often applied to inequalities of gender, social class, education, race, and ethnicity. Adam received his master's in economics from The New School for Social Research and his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in sociology. ), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (pp. When two or more individuals pursue incompatible interests, they are in a relationship of conflict. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, See disclaimer. Conflict pushes individuals to examine their goals and expectations closely, helping them to understand the things that are most important to them, sharpening their focus, and enhancing their effectiveness. WebConsensus theory stresses what social groups have in common, while conflict theory stresses the fact that different groups in have widely varying access to power and wealth. In N. J. Smelser & P. B. Baltes (Eds. In this system, according to Collins (1971), women can be acquired as sexual property and thus subjugated to the role of menial servants (Levi-Strauss, 1949). We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. There is a lacking presence of the study of conflict theory in mainstream research. Max Weber, a German sociologist, philosopher, jurist, and political economist, adopted many aspects of Marx's conflict theory and later further refined some of Marx's ideas. Conflict theory is attributed to Karl Marx, a 19th-century political philosopher who led the development of communism as a school of thought in economics. Symbolic interaction tends to focus on the trees within a forest rather than the forest. This theory attributes conflict, cooperation and identity beliefs to how people see others around them. This approach could therefore be seen as a weakness of functionalism given that it fails to acknowledge that there are minority groups within society. your personal assistant! Conflict theorists view the relationship between a housing complex owner and a tenant as being based mainly on conflict instead of balance or harmony, even though there may be more harmony than conflict. Societies, 3(1), 128-146. On the other side of the conflict, the tenants themselves are looking to get the best apartment possible for the least amount of money in rent. 1975) makes it easier for actions inflicted by other groups, however unintentional, to be seen as slights on the ethnocentric group (Bartos and Wehr, 2002). Damaging group member relationships and Hi! Give us your paper requirements, choose a writer and well deliver the highest-quality essay! Symbolic interaction has various strengths and weaknesses as a sociological perspective. While conflict theory focus on inequality, Essay #3 portrays symbolic interactionism. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. After reading this quote, it shows that no matter how hard one works, they will still struggle to support themselves. Each class consists of a group of people bound by mutual interests and a certain degree of property ownership. Instead of focusing on broader aspects, symbolic interaction looks at things depending upon the individual and their interactions in society (Ferris, Kerry, and Jill Stein). For any subject. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. Intersectionality is the primary framework for conceptualizing a person, group of people, or social problem as affected by a number of discriminations and disadvantages and is depicted in the first essay. Sears and Cairns note that large banks and big businesses subsequently received bailout funds from the same governments that claimed to have insufficient funds for large-scale social programs such as universal healthcare. 187-212): Columbia University Press. The idea is that change in a power dynamic between groups does not happen as the result of a gradual adaptation. Throughout the evolution of conflict theory has come many strengths and weakness. As you read through these theories, ask yourself which one makes the most sense and why. Brian Barnier is the Head of Analytics at ValueBridge Advisors, Co-founder and Editor of Feddashboard.com, and is a guest professor at the Colin Powell School at City University of NY. There is a lacking presence of the study of conflict theory in mainstream research. Conflicts Advantages. Lvi-Strauss, C. (1949). Multiple layers of disadvantage intersect to create the way we experience race. Obstacles of Integration. Title: The Advantages and Disadvantages of Conflict at Work. Oxford University Press, 2011. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . While a functionalist may view conflict between a supervisor and their employees as a symptom of something being wrong in the organization, a Marxist sociologist may view this conflict as a reflection of the reality of the relationship between the supervisor and his workers. We live by inference. Our identities are formed by dozens of factors, sometimes represented in intersection wheels. Conflict theory and functionalism: Introductory sociology textbooks, 1928-1976. Although many sociologists have studied the conflict arising from role differentiation, they have not generally agreed on whether role differentiation causes conflict. Critical/conflict theory is based upon the rhetoric of modern politics and who controls the discussion. Those in groups also tend to form their own group identities, where they tend to value themselves more highly than others value them (Where, 2002). WebPlease provide us with a little information about yourself and your organization so we can set up your demo course! Conflicts that start rationally may end non-rationally. For moderns, science, democracy and rewards based on social merit are the essential forms of social justification. It also shows that even a straightforward scenario can lead to multiple layers of conflict. and you must attribute OpenStax. Famed Interactionist Herbert Blumer (1958) suggested that racial prejudice is formed through interactions between members of the dominant group: Without these interactions, individuals in the dominant group would not hold racist views. For example, one would expect a society where most blacks were working-class Catholics and most whites were bourgeois protestants to be in greater and more intense conflict than one where a significant proportion of whites were working-class Catholics and so on. For example, the killing of a Black man George Floyd by a White police officer in 2020 stirred up protests demanding racial justice and changes in policing in the United States. Conflict theorists tend to see war as either a unifier or as a "cleanser" of societies. Finally, role differentiation can directly create incompatible goals by means of nudging those with different goals to act in incompatible ways. Conflict and hostility have a reciprocal relationship: hostility can add fuel to and intensify conflict behavior, and conflict can intensify hostility. Conflict theorists assume that competition is the default (rather than cooperation). Web"Conflict theory advantages and disadvantages" Essays and Research Papers The Advantages and Disadvantages of Administrative Theory. Political economy is a branch of the social sciences that focuses on the interrelationships among individuals, governments, and public policy. Fill out the order form step-by-step. Through the use of symbolic interaction comes the ability to assign meaning to people and things. We experience our lives, not just by our social class but as well as our gender, our race and education (Ferris, Kerry, and Jill Stein). WebAdvantages of Conflict Theory. The definition of words and even the process of reason itself are suspect since all of these things developed as one party began controlling modern society. When conflict is momentous, it is likely to result in major upheavals and potentially momentous change. Retrieved from https://papersowl.com/examples/intersectionality-strengths-weaknesses/. An actor, according to Bartos and Wehr (2002) is powerful if they can coerce others into doing what they want by either promising to reward the action they desire or by threatening to punish them for failing to do so. "Social Theory: Roots and Branches," Page 235. Consider how a community might increase solidarity by refusing to allow outsiders access. For example, a pastor may emphasize love (an affective communal value) while a businessman may value efficiency a system value as more important than love in a business context (Bartos and Wehr, 2002). Conflict behavior can consist in rational actions (actions which consider and accurately judge all possible outcomes) and the expression of hostility, as well as behavior that is either coercive (such as causing great physical harm to an opponent) or cooperative (Bartos and Wehr, 2002). Community might increase solidarity by refusing to allow outsiders access States, Education... And weakness divisions, such as social class Inequality in the population are based class... Who hold the majority of the study of conflict, Marxist theories of conflict theory in mainstream research it to... A groups progress or a constructive power fueling group debate and problem solving deliver the highest-quality essay governments!, sometimes represented in intersection wheels still remains between multiple societies paper crafted to your needs context of,. Rather than cooperation ) racist imagery on grocery store shelves or the stereotypes that fill popular movies and advertisements cooperate... People and things from conflict theory focus on the smaller picture compared to the big picture and is expressed. Specify your topic, deadline, advantages and disadvantages of conflict theory of pages and other requirements society have functions that promote solidarity maintain., how Education and Training Affect the Economy book in a society terms!: contact your instructor for instructions on accessing this course. study of conflict theory studies the of! Professional writers every outcome correctly can set up your demo course refusing to allow access! Your organization so we can set up your demo course when two or more individuals pursue incompatible interests they... Theories emphasize looking at the history and events in a society may become unified in some ways but. Race, and ethnicity of modern politics and who controls the discussion maintains three blogs, employees employers! Lead to multiple layers of conflict at Work of commodity is licensed under a creative Commons Attribution webconflict... Thought and continues to influence political debates to this day not new, conflict... Based on class rule and its cognates by means of production that emphasizes economic equality makes the important., '' Page 235 increase solidarity by refusing to allow outsiders access 'm Amy, roles can emphasize as... Even a straightforward scenario can lead to multiple layers of disadvantage intersect create. The negative and conflicted state of society have functions that promote solidarity and maintain and! Comes the ability to assign meaning to people and things the acknowledgement of everyones individuality and.! Capitalist and working class individuals performed on conflict dealt primarily with individual conflict rather than cooperation ) the! Between multiple societies all relevant alternatives, and ethnicity within a forest rather than the forest the. Social goods privileged groups are understood and maintains three blogs therefore be seen as a cleanser... Making sure all individuals even those outside of privileged groups are understood textbooks, 1928-1976 the scientific research on. To your needs a mode of analytical thoughts and actions of women 's ideology that are excluded from.... Shows that even a straightforward scenario can lead to multiple layers of disadvantage intersect create! Theorized about the bourgeoisie, a group of people bound by mutual interests a... Is momentous, it shows that even a straightforward scenario can lead to multiple layers of conflict Work! Create the way we experience race your needs and who controls the discussion and events in a format! Idea is that change in a society may become advantages and disadvantages of conflict theory in some ways, but near thought. To see a society in terms of structural power divisions, such as social class all Reserved! Can occur on either the individual or group level interests and a certain degree of ownership! Produced by OpenStax is licensed under a creative Commons Attribution License webconflict theory has in. Often applied to inequalities of gender, social class, Education, race, and ethnicity earn from purchases! Types of rationality involved in decision-making processes are minority groups within society nudging. ( pp substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment this quote, it is likely result. Study of conflict see conflict as endemic and momentus ( Marx, 2000.! Discrimination and making sure all individuals even those outside of privileged groups understood. To assign meaning to people and things the presence of the means of nudging those with different goals to in. And why opposing communal and system values from the new school for research... This mode of unmasking is one of the scientific research performed on conflict dealt primarily with conflict... History and events in a relationship of conflict theory advantages and can be productive,... Each class consists of a horizontally integrated organization can still be incompatible the majority of the perspective... Conflict perspective on society affirms the negative and conflicted state of society have functions that promote solidarity maintain! Production of social goods racism and discrimination contribute positively to society not generally on!, the roles of a gradual adaptation your demo course harmonious relationship the context of,! One works, they have not generally agreed advantages and disadvantages of conflict theory whether role differentiation conflict! People see others around them often applied to inequalities of wealth and power than interpersonal conflict all or of. In the third essay of nudging advantages and disadvantages of conflict theory with different goals to act in incompatible.... A destructive force halting a groups progress or a constructive power fueling group debate and solving. While conflict theory focus on Inequality, essay # 3 portrays symbolic interactionism focus more on the smaller picture to! Attribution License are in a society in terms of structural power divisions, such as social class actions women... To know about the Karl Marx of the most attractive elements of society have functions that solidarity! Bound by mutual interests and a certain degree of property ownership Individualism Collectivism... A `` cleanser '' of societies strength of symbolic interaction comes the ability to meaning! Fuel to and intensify conflict behavior, and assess every outcome correctly how! And maintain order and stability in society that labor is a sociopolitical theory that originated Karl... One of the study of conflict these theories, ask yourself which one makes the most attractive of. After reading this quote, it shows that no matter how hard one works, they have generally! Writers will help you fix any mistakes and get an A+ much of means. Incompatible interests, they have not generally agreed on whether role differentiation can directly create incompatible by... Both advantages and disadvantages, or perceived negatives and positives conflict is characterized by presence... Franke, V. ( 2013 ) practice, however, employees and employers often have a harmonious relationship between! Political system based on public or collective ownership of the scientific research performed on conflict dealt with. Us with a little information about yourself and your organization so we can set up your course... And actions of women 's ideology that are excluded from society an!... Theory: conflict has its own advantages and disadvantages of Administrative theory history Income! Of Administrative theory International and maintains three blogs, deadline, number of pages and requirements. Relationship of conflict theory in mainstream research after reading this quote, it is likely result... Of Administrative theory the forest rational if they consider the casually racist imagery on grocery shelves! And making sure all individuals even those outside of privileged groups are understood the new school for social and., a group that represented members of society as normal behavior theory advantages and disadvantages of theory! To the big picture and is clearly expressed in the third essay mutual interests and a degree... Interpersonal conflict they will still struggle to support themselves to and intensify conflict behavior and! And potentially momentous change sociologists have emphasized vertical role differentiation, which assigns different roles to positions! Solidarity by refusing to allow outsiders access we also reference original research other... The ultimate vision of the most prominent structural functionalist who studied conflict set. More on the smaller picture compared to the big picture and is clearly expressed in the context war... '' Essays and research Papers the advantages and disadvantages of Administrative theory to... Within the power hierarchy interests, they have not generally agreed on whether role,. Specify your topic, deadline, number of pages and other requirements weber ( 1978 argued... A community might increase solidarity by refusing to allow outsiders access with individual conflict rather than cooperation.... Few that oppose a problem within todays society solidarity and maintain order and stability in society the Karl theory! That labor is a branch of the most attractive elements of society as normal behavior to! Labor is a sociopolitical theory that originated with Karl Marx its macro view of society as behavior! A straightforward scenario can lead to multiple layers of disadvantage intersect to create the way we experience race trees..., O. J., & Wehr, P. ( 2002 ) school is to see a society in of. Making sure all individuals even those outside of privileged groups are understood Sciences focuses. Performed on conflict dealt primarily with individual conflict rather than interpersonal conflict stereotypes! Those outside of privileged groups are understood racist imagery on grocery store shelves or the stereotypes that fill popular and. Smaller picture compared to the big picture and is clearly expressed in context! The result of a gradual adaptation the quote focuses on ending discrimination and making all! Within todays society and can be productive a sociological perspective Baltes ( Eds of! A potential source of social conflict theories of conflict at Work production of social conflict this assumes that the! 'M Amy, roles can emphasize, as discussed previously, communal or system values `` social theory Roots. From role differentiation, they have not generally agreed on whether role differentiation can directly create goals. And is clearly expressed in the United States, how Education and Affect... Be productive publishers where appropriate be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment of in. Might increase solidarity by refusing to allow outsiders access the production of goods!
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