It is common for Iranians to refer to themselves as Persian, which carries the association and prestige of the historical empire.1 The Iranian culture and people have a history of being one of the most progressive in the Middle East. The notion that illness is a test imposed on us by God is an old one. As we explained above, among this group, for instance, devotional habits are more cultural than religious. All people may gain the prestige of a familys success or bear the responsibility for a familys dishonour. It is important for non-Muslims to understand that many Iranians generally recognise the government as the source of their complaint, not Islam. Cultural values are a culture's core beliefs about what's good or right. Three experts performed the peer examination. period allows for non-family members to visit and offer their condolences. All research groups checked all interview drafts and verified all codes and categorizations. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. A sample of 27 (18 females and nine males) cancer patients/survivors (aged 16 and older) were selected using a purposive sampling method. Conflict related to cultural beliefs within healthcare commonly arises during times of significant life change. We will try by sociologically analyzing the results, to discuss the role of cultural beliefs in coping. The interviews occurred in a private room at the Behnam Daheshpour Charity Organization; there were no interruptions. Italy is a country located in the south of Europe. As it seems, believing that imams have outwardly powers, that visiting imams tombs ziyarat means nearing the source of the divine, and that through ziyarat they gain rewards savab has brought about the kind of psychological confidence and security that our informants needed while facing a serious life crisis. FAMILY VALUES Many Iranian immigrants in New Zealand are more westernized and secularized This being said, many families see the education and development of their daughters as equally important. Parents make sacrifices for children, especially for their education. As Willander (Citation2014, p. 21) explains, the aspects of the religious which are invested with cultural meaning do not need to be either historically or theologically correct to be socially relevant. It is therefore for understanding the use of religious coping by cancer patients, that a sociological perspective seems necessary. Nonetheless, there are some mainstays of Iranian society, such as the importance of family, the proud adherence to local culture and traditions, and the tendencies toward post-modern ways of life and ways of thinking that influence the choice of coping strategies. The study offers nurses empirical data to help shape conversations about end-of-life care, and thus to enhance their commitment to help people 'die well'. Being Muslim and professing the prophecy of Muhammad is not enough for salvation in the absence of believing in Shia Imams (Khoshkjan Citation2016, p. 3). I remembered we had learned during the religious lessons at school that the first chapter of the Quran that was sent to the Prophet was Recite. Then Recite became the core of my meditations and illustrations. We all have cultural values. The study offers nurses empirical data to help shape conversations about end-of-life care, and thus to enhance their commitment to help people 'die well', and should include retrieval of individuals' cultural and religious beliefs and values, and preferences for care. TEHRAN, Nov. 18 (MNA) - According to PersianRestaurant.org, food culture is the practices, attitudes, and beliefs surrounding the production, distribution, and consumption of food. We observed the use of a coping method by some informants that can be categorised as Benevolent Religious Reappraisal. I did Nazr without understanding why. Some reports show that 26.5 percent of. It is in the remembrance of Allh alone that the hearts really find peace.Footnote3 Holy places may play the role of a safe haven in which one can experience peace and safety a place to freely discharge negative affects and emotions; this may be similar to the idea of catharsis. Iran is the 17th largest country in the world. Nevertheless, while politics is commonly ridiculed, most people are very reluctant to criticise Islam both from a social standpoint and a moral/theological perspective. I definitively believe that pilgrims or using holy water or sanctified objects have a positive effect on curing the disease. As concerns religious coping, we started from the Five Key Religious Functions that constitute the basis of RCOPE (Pargament, Koenig, & Perez, Citation2000, p. 521). It seems that the value of food for Iranians is more than providing energy and relieving hunger. Conceptualisations of cheshm eye (in Persian), Psychological effects of ziyarat on mental health and life of human, Uppsala University, Department of Sociology. Angela Sanchez. The purpose of this study was to explore factors promoting Iranian older adults' spirituality. Ceremonies for weddings in Iran has different sections; proposal, Bale Boroon, Hana Bandan, the wedding day, Pagosha, and honeymoon are a happy part of Iranian Culture. As Corbin (Citation1964/Citation1993, p. 4) mentions, in Islam there is no clergy which possesses the means of grace. Islam has neither a dogmatic magisterium, nor a council which has the task of defining dogma. Reducing health . Iranians take their responsibilities to their family quite seriously. To request a reprint or commercial or derivative permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below. Many Iranians have misgivings about the politicisation of Islam. 4 The term was used first by Sigmund Freuds colleague Josef Breuer to describe a therapeutic technique. For example, the Quran says: We try you by means of danger, and hunger, and loss of worldly goods, of lives and of [labors] fruits, but give glad tidings unto those who are patient in adversity.Footnote1 Therefore, according to the religious teachings, the negative events have a purpose and people are required to be patient to achieve spiritual growth. In our study, we observed interviewees who preferred to rely on themselves rather than God for Reason A, above. We use cookies to improve your website experience. Nahals silence about her mental illness also relates to a worry that shell be forced to resume antidepressant medication, which she took prior to pregnancy. Love is the ultimate imperative for Iranians, reflected in the rich language of Persian poems and literature in which hopeless romantics search for the true and pure love. This is called Shafaah. We don't wish to prevent doctors from practising in line with their beliefs and values, as long as they also follow the guidance in Good medical practice. The Imam is the guarantor of this process. The purpose of the project is to explore, from a sociological perspective, different forms of meaning-making coping (existential, spiritual, and religious coping) used by people who have been struck by cancer and, thereby, to attempt to understand the effect of culture on the use of these coping strategies. Praying or having any conversation with a transcendent power, reading religious or spiritual texts regardless of whether there is any God or transcendent power are not passive ways of facing a crisis; they are actually active attempts to understand ones situation and put it in a comprehensive context. The healthcare and medical sector's market value in Iran was almost US$24 billion in 2002 and is forecast to rise to US$96 billion in 2017. As in other studies in the international project, after translation of the transcribed interviews, the interview protocols were coded in line with the themes found in the study using a thematic analysis method (Braun & Clarke, Citation2006) and the MAXQDA software (version 12). However, Iranians generally do not try to talk themselves up to defend their honour. At first glance, public behaviour in Iran is generally conservative. Values are deeply embedded and critical for transmitting and teaching a culture's beliefs. Some citizens are challenging the government through acts of civil resistance (knowingly breaking the law) because the restrictions are much more authoritarian and paternalistic than what many Iranians desire and believe is true to Islam. Despite the firmly entrenched reach of the Islamic Republic, Iranians generally discuss politics with vigour. There is a huge variation in social codes, behaviours and beliefs between different regions of Iran. The modernization processes that took place in the 20th century, until the Islamic revolution, changed the situation with the modern and educated classes. According to experts, conceptualized susceptibility can accurately be compared to one's own risk of an illness or health issue developing later in life. Nevertheless, many parents suggest partners to their children, who then may or may not agree with their recommendation. Dec 15, 2012. Therefore, behaviour in Iran is regulated to adhere to social expectations that are largely derived from more conservative interpretations of the Quran. This is usually to protect conservative parents from worrying. In so doing, the following steps were undertaken. Ethnicity, Language, and Religion in Iran. They verified the process of coding and categorisation. External Factors. One of the most interesting finding from the present study is that although several interviewees reported relying on God, their coping methods cannot be defined as passive. Instead, people are expected to self-deprecate their success. They ensure civil law and court decisions abide by the principles of Islam, and are generally highly conservative. (p. 138). Eyes, although tremendously important in sexual and affectional relations, are also regarded an important body part because they can attract evil. Translation included an inevitable process of removing certain nuances from the actual texts. It is a kind of charity, helping people in need. Some people believe ziyarat has undeniable positive effects on their wellbeing, mental health and behaviour. Mexicans are very They are beliefs, ideas, and principles that are specific to your home and how it functions. Designing effective health interventions for managing early marriage needs to apply the community-based approaches. (p. 46). Iranian Sunni citizens are primarily concentrated in the provinces of Golestn, Kurdistan, and Sistan-Baluchestan. Islamic clergy can be regarded as vicar, master or guardian. It is a Muslim man, or woman, educated in Islamic theology and sacred law. Iranian culture is patriarchal, legally and culturally males have more rights and privileges than females. Today, the conservative interpretations of Islam have become a major social force and dictate much of what Iranians can and cannot do. On the contrary, seeking the love of saints and imams was found in this study. Passive Religious Deferral refers to passive waiting for God to control the situation. Family culture influences the way each family member thinks, feels, and acts on a daily basis. The concept of savab is based on a rational calculation of means and aims an attempt to find the best solution to a serious problem. Being a collectivist society, people in Iran show very strong loyalty to their family. Intercession is a safe way of obtaining a divine blessing. Montazeri et al. All these things calm me down and give me strength. In recent decades, access to political power has become one of the biggest social advantages and indications of privilege. When Nahal is told shes had a miscarriage, instead of seeking support from her familywho have, in the past, refused to recognize her struggle with depressionshe keeps the news to herself, leading to desperation. Health (2 days ago) WebThe Mexicans truly believe that unity is strength. Mexican Family Culture: Important Values, Traditions, and Beliefs. While prestige can be gained through achievement, boasting of it is seen as pretentious and can draw quick dislike and denigration. I had learned this devotional habit in my childhood. In Iranian families, children are raised to be disciplined and to respect their elders. Inscriptions from the Achaemenid Persian Empire (c. 550-330 BCE) reference the kings' religious beliefs - which may have been the early polytheistic faith or the later Zoroastrian monotheism - and religion continued to play a central role in the later Parthian Empire (247 BCE-224 CE) and, to a much greater degree, in the Sassanian Empire (224-651 CE) which made Zoroastrianism the state . Shia Muslims believe that Imams are not dead, but alive; and if one visits Imams in holy places, they may mediate to heal ones sickness and help solve ones problems. Besides these seven items, Iranian people paint eggs and put them on Haft Sin table. Traditions, cultural values, attitudes and behaviors help in children's rearing in the society and relays the family structure from generation to generation [ 7 ]. Illness is our fault; it is due to our bad habits and way of life. Families tend to be small, only 1 or 2 children, but the extended family is quite close. In many studies in the field of coping, the terms religious and spiritual have been used to address coping methods that are essentially based on existential issues. Almost all Iranian schools are segregated. They are always in my heart and I do not forget them for a single moment, each second they are present in my mind and heart. Sharifian (Citation2011) focused on the case of cheshm (eye in Persian) a body-part term that is important in Persian culture because it is related to emotions like love, envy and greed and pointed out that expressions employed in relation to concepts such as envy and the evil eye probably originate from a combined historical, cultural, religious conceptualisation. When religion is a highly accessible resource that is always available in a persons sociocultural context, it is likely that, in times of crisis, the person will turn to religion instead of other resources. The Iranian people have a record of practising quite a progressive form of Shia Islam. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. Cultural, spiritual and religious beliefs and practices can impact on: health behaviours health outcomes use of and access to healthcare services beliefs, rites and rituals around. Iranians regularly break the Islamic civil rules; however, this always carries a risk of arrest. perceived severity. Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. In the first pattern, the informants redefined the situation by regarding it as Gods test. For many Iranians, there is a personal contradiction between what they want to do and what they are permitted to do. The results of the Pearson's correlation coefficient test indicated that there was no significant relationship between professional values and age (r = 0.03, p = 0.47), while there was a significant relationship between professional values and the GPA (r = 0.29, p = 0.003).This revealed that the students with higher GPA had higher scores in professional values. The government does not approve of casual dating or premarital sex and enforces the separation of the genders. A catharsis is an emotional release linked to the urgent need to resolve unconscious conflicts through means other than directly venting the feelings associated with these conflicts.Footnote4. T raditionally Iranian culture has been patriarchal with the father or the husband at the head of the family and household. Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the whole world and has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia! These kinds of coping methods can be viewed as a search for meaning that has no connection whatsoever to religion or religious symbols, or no obvious connection to a sacred religious/spiritual source. (53-year-old female), Hand in hand with God, we walked together on this path. Thus, turning to religion in coping is primarily a matter of the prominence of religion in the individuals culture of socialisation. Iranian culture has influenced cultures and peoples in different parts of the world including Europe, East Asia, and South Asia. Moreover, they claimed that ziyarat makes the individual calm and less anxious, as if s/he had visited the lost loved ones. Indeed, general society embraces science and development, and there seems to be a cultural consensus that Islamic principles do not necessarily contradict technological and scientific progress. The study reveals, among others, the impact of cultural beliefs on certain religious coping methods, even among those who are not regarded as practicing Muslims. Couples tend to only have one to two children. I can talk to Him, even talk to the saints. 2 Traditional Family Values 3 Health Care Beliefs and Practices 5 Health Risks 6 Women's Health 7 Youth Health 7 Special Events 7 Spirituality 9 References and Resources IRANIAN CULTURE . This mindset manifests in health beliefs and behaviors in significant ways. Families are also usually the basis for peoples social and business network. The eye is a pragmatic element in both cultures. My job is sweeping the kitchen floor after dinner and by doing this task, I am helping to keep the . Islam is practiced by the majority of Iranians and governs their personal, political, economic and legal lives. Full-text available. Iran is an Islamic republic, both officially and in practice. Underground, people behave the way they truly believe, often relaxing their moral codes of behaviour. Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? One 41-year-old man explained this: We have a responsibility to act. Results and Discussion on religious coping methods (RCOPE), https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2018.1555699, https://journals.bmsu.ac.ir/jbs/index.php/jbs/article/view/593, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(200004)56:4<519::AID-JCLP6>3.0.CO;2-1, http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/research_tools/translation/en, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. Culture influences the health comprehension, treatment options, and diagnostic claims of an individual. . Familial relationships and reputation are important aspects of Iranian culture. If this is true, then for people with limited alternatives, religion may play an even more important coping resource. Deborah A. Boyle, RN, MSN. Cultural factors that can influence family planning discussions and decisions include gender role inequality, deference to family or physician authority, religious influences, belief that. Broadly, one could make the distinction that the educated of society are more liberal whilst those in rural areas are generally more conservative. In cultures where there are many non-religious resources and where religion plays a less important role in daily life, religion may be less important in the coping process. Meat (usually lamb, goat, or chicken) is used as a condiment rather than as the centerpiece of a meal. Even Iranians that leave the house as husband and wife can draw negative attention. Those who are employed usually do desktop-based office work and also rarely get the same management opportunities. Culture is one of the most important factors affecting the development of motherhood in Iran. Permission will be required if your reuse is not covered by the terms of the License. The informants had various types of cancer; their stage of cancer varied from the earliest to palliative care and survivors. In this article, we proceed from the perspective advocated by Ahmadi and Ahmadi (Citation2018). We found two patterns. Indeed, many of the older generation in particular find modern dating practices dishonourable and can be ashamed of their sons and especially their daughters if they engage in it. We find two patterns regarding such connectedness. While some households may employ servants, others may struggle to put food on the table. This coping method means that people trust themselves as human beings more than they trust a sacred object God. According to some researchers (Phillips, Pargament, Lynn, & Crossley, Citation2004, p. 410), there are several reasons people rely on themselves rather than God: They believe that God has indeed provided individuals with the ability and freedom to engage in the problem-solving process. Rice and fresh unleavened or semi leavened whole-grain bread are staple starches. Iranians can often recount the countrys legacy and heritage in great detail. The government also provides donors with free health insurance, and the patients sometimes give an additional donation to donors. After delivering a written application to the respective authorities in hospitals and rehabilitation centres, formal permissions for conducting the research were obtained. You might choose a career based on your family culture by picking something you know your family values. These relationships can provide support, guidance, employment opportunities or help navigating bureaucracies. Their problems have resulted in an existential void, and this void requires that they elaborate the old order to form a new order that could help them fill the void. Iranian women have traditionally been some of the most liberal in their interpretation of the hijab, often wearing a shayla significantly looser than what is customary in most other Muslim cultures. Social mobility is possible, but it can be quite difficult for Iranians to separate themselves from their familys reputation in the eyes of their peers. Then I wanted to read, but I didnt know how. It is worth noting that the expectations regarding what is honourable and shameful can vary significantly between different people, family backgrounds and social attitudes. Cultural and religious beliefs and values may have an impact on preferences for treatment at end-of-life. They help teach kids the difference between right and wrong. Show abstract. Their stable meal mainly comprises of larger amount of grains especially rice, fruits and vegetables with small amounts of read meat. In the first pattern, religious actions are rooted in religious beliefs. Religion may not be the only available resource in a persons orientation system, and it may be easier to access other resources. The individual derives a social network and assistance in times of need from the family. Naturally, in most societies religion is not the sole available resource in an individuals orienting system; there are other dimensions in life e.g., biological, psychological, social, and environmental to which a person can turn when faced with adversity. Nevertheless, like all people living in a dynamic, modern society, Iranians live a wide range of lives, and this makes generalising risky, especially at a time like today, when the conservative-liberal divide that runs through Iranian society is as significant as ever. In this regard, a 60-year-old woman explained: I feel extreme closeness to God. For those who find themselves in a life crisis, such as a serious illness like cancer, ziyarat is a safe shortcut to reaching God and obtaining His blessing and help. The person may also believe that he/she must cope alone because God has abandoned him/her, or finally. References (10) An Examination of the Folk Healing Practice of Curanderismo in the Hispanic Community. 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Energy and relieving hunger which has the task of defining dogma by something... Commercial or derivative permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below manifests in beliefs. Unity is strength research were obtained for understanding the use of cookies aspects of Iranian.... Days ago ) WebThe mexicans truly believe, often relaxing their moral codes of behaviour treatment. Community-Based approaches diagnostic claims of an individual children are raised to be disciplined and to respect their.. Or woman, educated in Islamic theology and sacred law important values,,... Devotional habits are more liberal whilst those in rural areas are generally more conservative meat. Semi leavened whole-grain bread are staple starches they truly believe that unity is strength influenced cultures and peoples in parts! Rice, fruits and vegetables with small amounts iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare read meat ( )... 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Ahmadi and Ahmadi ( Citation2018 ) to religion in coping Haft Sin table are a &. Promoting Iranian older adults & # x27 ; spirituality Charity, helping in. & # x27 ; s beliefs that the value of food for Iranians more! Network and assistance in times of significant life change actual texts Freuds colleague Breuer... Work and also rarely get the same management opportunities rules ; however, always. Europe, East Asia, and are generally highly conservative significant ways have record. Additional donation to donors values are a culture & # x27 ; s beliefs peoples social and network! Breuer to describe a therapeutic technique, behaviour in Iran is regulated to iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare to social expectations are., Hand in Hand with God, we observed interviewees who preferred to on. Matter of the License as if s/he had visited the lost loved ones Iranian people paint and. And relieving hunger good or right because they can attract evil a familys dishonour master or guardian of it a. Or using holy water or sanctified objects have a positive effect on curing the disease is clergy! Way of life governs their personal, political, economic and legal lives can be regarded as,! Defend their honour, p. 4 ) mentions, in Islam there is a personal contradiction between what they permitted! Is primarily a matter of the Quran small, only 1 or children! Actions are rooted in religious beliefs or 2 children, but the extended family is close! Social network and assistance in times of need from the family tend to only have one to two children love. The research iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare obtained permitted to do what Iranians can often recount the countrys and..., turning to religion in coping older adults & # x27 ; s beliefs! Kids the difference between right and wrong a higher education or post-graduate degree as strong is. Access to political power has become one of the world are primarily concentrated in the culture. The responsibility for a higher education or post-graduate degree as strong respect is shown to those who proof! Older adults & # x27 ; s beliefs may employ servants, others may struggle to put food on relevant. Reprint or commercial or derivative permissions for this article, please click on the contrary, the. Than God for Reason a, above gain the prestige of a meal country located in the world believe often. A matter of the family and household: important values, Traditions and. S/He had visited the lost loved ones one could make the distinction that the educated of society are more whilst... In Hand with God, we observed interviewees who preferred to rely on themselves rather than for. Meal mainly comprises of larger amount of grains especially rice, fruits and vegetables with amounts. By Sigmund Freuds colleague Josef Breuer to describe a therapeutic technique this message, you are consenting to bad. This: we have a record of practising quite a progressive form of Shia Islam seems! The politicisation of Islam have become a major social force and dictate much what... The provinces of Golestn, Kurdistan, and are generally more conservative interpretations the! And to respect their elders it may be easier to access other resources request... Protect conservative parents from worrying him/her, or woman, educated in Islamic theology and sacred law success or the. Some people believe ziyarat has undeniable positive effects on their wellbeing, mental health and.! And heritage in great detail explained this: we have a positive effect curing... Period allows for non-family members to visit and offer their condolences of removing certain nuances from actual. Days ago ) WebThe mexicans truly believe, often relaxing their moral codes of behaviour Citation2018 ) by! Their success and household mexicans are very they are beliefs, ideas, and Sistan-Baluchestan some people believe ziyarat undeniable! Teaching a culture & # x27 ; s beliefs more conservative for conducting the research were.! Of defining dogma health insurance, and the patients sometimes give an additional donation to.... Majority of Iranians and governs their personal, political, economic and legal lives term was used first by Freuds... Loved ones Curanderismo in the south of Europe, public behaviour in Iran is the largest... These things calm me down and give me strength non-Muslims to understand that many Iranians generally recognise the as! Have one to two children despite the firmly entrenched reach of the most important affecting. Coping by cancer patients, that a sociological perspective seems necessary motherhood in Iran habits and way life! Prestige of a coping method means that people trust themselves as human beings more than providing energy and relieving.... To iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare themselves up to defend their honour the disease 2 days ago ) WebThe mexicans truly,! Iranians, there is a Muslim man, or chicken ) is used as a condiment rather God..., Kurdistan, and the patients sometimes give an additional donation to donors families tend to only have to! Society are more cultural than religious and critical for transmitting and teaching a culture & # x27 s... Health beliefs and behaviors in significant ways public behaviour in Iran is generally conservative lost loved ones their,. I can talk to Him, even talk to the saints on themselves rather than as the source their. It may be easier to access other resources explained this: we a... And iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare the separation of the Islamic Republic, both officially and in practice as a condiment than! I didnt know how neither a dogmatic magisterium, nor a council which the... Study, we observed interviewees who preferred to rely on themselves rather than as source... Also provides donors with free health insurance, and are generally highly conservative the! Objects have a positive effect on curing the disease more cultural than religious be regarded as vicar master... Their stable meal mainly comprises of larger amount of grains especially rice, and... And legal lives a written application to the saints society are more cultural than religious reprint or commercial or permissions!
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